ArticleJCI insight2025
Pediatric T cell and B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in JCI insight, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- T-cell responses to primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Down syndrome - From childhood to adulthood.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUNDUnderstanding age-associated differences in acute and memory adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and how they contribute to more favorable outcomes in children is critically important.METHODSWe evaluated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell, B cell, and antibody responses in 329 peripheral blood samples collected from nonhospitalized children, adolescents, and adults at 3 time points, including acute and memory time points.RESULTSMost children produced robust CD4+ T cell responses during infection and developed memory CD4+ T cells; however, young children less than 4 years old often had undetectable CD4+ T cell responses compared with older children and adults. Young children also generated reduced frequencies of memory B cells; despite this, they mounted substantial and durable neutralizing antibody responses. CD4+ T cell responses in children were biased toward non-spike epitopes, especially in asymptomatic cases. Memory B cells in children were preferentially classical memory or, paradoxically, CXCR3+.CONCLUSIONThese findings support the concept that the kinetics and composition of T and B cell responses shift across age groups and may be associated with milder COVID-19 outcomes in children.FUNDINGNIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) award AI142742, the Duke University School of Medicine, and grants from the Children's Miracle Network Hospitals, the Translating Duke Health Children's Health and Discovery Initiative, the NIH NIAID (R01-AI161008-02), and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency N66001-09-C-2082. NIH Career Development Awards (K23-AI135090 and K01-AI173398). NIH contract 75N93019C00065.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.