Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40906074›Full record

ArticleBiology2025

Sexual Dimorphism in the Skeletal Morphology of Asian Elephants (

Piyamat Kongtueng, Promporn Piboon, Sarisa Klinhom, Intorn Aunsan, Nontanan Tongser, Taweepoke Angkawanish, Korakot Nganvongpanit, Burin Boonsri

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Sexual Differences in Appendages of a Fossorial Narrow-Mouth Frog,Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Piyamat KongtuengFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chaing Mai 50100, Thailand.
Promporn PiboonFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chaing Mai 50100, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-2879-8611
Sarisa KlinhomFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chaing Mai 50100, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-2286-2424
Intorn AunsanFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chaing Mai 50100, Thailand.
Nontanan TongserFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chaing Mai 50100, Thailand.
Taweepoke AngkawanishThai Elephant Conservation Center, Lampang 52190, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0003-1052-8987
Korakot NganvongpanitFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chaing Mai 50100, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-7617-5507
Burin BoonsriFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chaing Mai 50100, Thailand.ORCID 0009-0007-9777-2814

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSexual dimorphism in Asian elephants (

methodsEleven skeletal specimens were analyzed, including nine skulls, eleven pelves, and eighteen scapulae. Linear measurements were obtained using measuring tape and calipers. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U tests, Pearson's correlation, and logistic regression for sex prediction.

resultsNo significant differences were found in skull measurements between sexes. However, the pelvis and scapula exhibited notable variation. Significant pelvic parameters included pelvic girdle length (

conclusionsThe pelvis demonstrated the highest reliability for sex determination. These findings enhance the anatomical understanding of Asian elephants and support applications in conservation, forensic science, and population studies. Future research with larger sample sizes and advanced imaging may improve the precision of morphometric sex prediction models.

Indexed as

craniumossa coxaescapulaesex differences

Identifiers

PMID40906074
PMCPMC12383435

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.