Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40905935›Full record

ArticleOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2025

Post-concussion clinical findings of oculomotor function in paediatric patients with persisting symptoms compared to healthy controls.

Carissa H Wu, Sophia Marusic, Jennifer X Haensel, Isdin Oke, Kristin E Slinger, Neerali Vyas, Christabel A Ameyaw Baah, Amber Hu, Joellen Leonen, Caitlyn Y Lew and 7 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Carissa H WuBoston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6938-4127
Sophia MarusicBoston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-4680
Jennifer X HaenselSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7545-3181
Isdin OkeBoston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kristin E SlingerSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Neerali VyasBoston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Christabel A Ameyaw BaahSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Amber HuSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Joellen LeonenSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Caitlyn Y LewSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Gayathri SrinivasanSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Amir NorouzpourSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Erin JeneweinPennsylvania College of Optometry at Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-2796
Siva MeiyeppenPennsylvania College of Optometry at Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Mitchell ScheimanPennsylvania College of Optometry at Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9274-5696
Tawna L RobertsSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Aparna RaghuramBoston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Funding

Stanford Vision Research CoreP30EY026877 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Jeffrey L Goldberg · 2017 to 2026
$8.0M
American Academy of OptometryBoston Children's HospitalNEI NIH HHS P30 EY026877NEI NIH HHS P30-EY026877Research to Prevent Blindness (Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University)Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveOculomotor deficits in vergence and accommodation can arise in paediatric patients with persistent concussion symptoms, although the profile is not well established. This study aimed to describe the frequency of these deficits in persistently symptomatic concussed paediatric patients and identify effective screening tools.

methodsThis was a prospective cohort study conducted at three clinical sites across the United States. Participants aged 8-18 years with diagnosed concussion were recruited within 9 months of injury through concussion clinics or referral to a vision provider. Participants without concussion were recruited through the local community and eye clinics. Clinical measures of ocular alignment, vergence and accommodation were collected. Group comparisons were assessed using Welch's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni correction. The diagnostic value of near point of convergence (NPC) and accommodative amplitude (AA) for identifying persistently symptomatic concussed participants was evaluated using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

resultsSeventy-one participants were recruited, including 34 concussed participants (mean age 14.3 [SD 2.4] years; 74% female, 26% male; median time since concussion 107 [IQR 80-118] days) and 32 controls (mean age, 12.7 [SD 2.1] years; 56% female, 44% male). Concussed participants scored significantly worse or had higher failure rates than controls on all vergence and accommodative tests (p < 0.05) except ocular alignment and monocular accommodative facility. Concussed participants had a higher frequency of diagnoses (vergence: 62% vs. 3%; accommodation: 76% vs. 3%; p < 0.001). NPC and AA were significant predictors for concussion in individual models (NPC: OR = 2.16 [95% CI: 1.52-3.61], p < 0.001, mean AUC [SD] = 0.88 [0.13]; AA: OR = 0.46 [95% CI: 0.29-0.64], p < 0.001, mean AUC [SD] = 0.88 [0.15]).

conclusionThe oculomotor profile of persistently symptomatic concussed paediatric participants shows a high frequency of vergence and accommodative deficits, for which NPC and AA are effective screening tools. Further investigation should examine oculomotor deficits in acutely concussed paediatric patients.

Indexed as

Accommodation, OcularBrain ConcussionConvergence, OcularOcular Motility DisordersOculomotor MusclesPost-Concussion SyndromeAdolescentChildFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleProspective StudiesROC Curvebinocular vision disorderconcussionoculomotor dysfunctionpaediatrics

Identifiers

PMID40905935
PMCPMC12682102

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.