ArticleACS nano2025
33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.
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Article in ACS nano, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Artificial Intelligence-Driven Inverse Design of Singlet Fission Candidates in the Acene family.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Omnidirectional bending sensor with three-fold structural symmetry enables decoupling of bending angle and direction.Science advances · 2026Article
- Synthesis of Metal-Quantum Dot Core-Satellite Nanoparticles and Plasmonic Cavity-Induced Recovery of Quantum Yield for High External Quantum Efficiency.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Metal-Phenolic Coatings Enable Universal Design of Spherical Nucleic Acids.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Unraveling Bone-Skin Crosstalk Enables miRNA Nanoformulation for Cutaneous Neurovascular Reconstruction in Diabetic Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Programmable Stepwise Heteroepitaxial Growth of Colloidal Crystals With Different Phases.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Tumor microenvironment-specific nanomedicine: from biology-driven to multi-omics-guided precision engineering.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Ultrasensitive Enzyme-Free Detection of Proteins on Magnetic Beads.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Carbon-Based Functional Nanomaterials: Preparation, Properties and Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cleavable Hydrophobic Anchors Optimize Immunomodulatory Effects of Oligonucleotides.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
112 authors.
Chad A MirkinDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-6634-7627
Sarah Hurst PetroskoDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-7319-3232
Natalie ArtziWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2211-6069
Koray AydinDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3268-2216
Austin BiaggneInternational Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
C Jeffrey BrinkerDepartments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-7145-9324
Katherine E BujoldDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-7292-6617
Y Charles CaoDepartment of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-5476-221X
Rachel R ChanDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-7034-9513
Chaojian ChenSchool of Materials Science and Intelligent Engineering, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215163, China.
Peng-Cheng ChenDepartment of Materials Science and International Institute for Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0411-9549
Xiaodong ChenInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-3312-1664
Olivier J G L ChevalierDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
Chung Hang Jonathan ChoiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong SAR.ORCID 0000-0003-2935-7217
Richard M CrooksDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.
Vinayak P DravidDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-6007-3063
Jingshan S DuPhysical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4932-6699
Sasha B EbrahimiDrug Product Development, Emerging Drug Delivery Platforms, GSK, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2752-5109
Hongyou FanSandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States.
Omar K FarhaDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9904-9845
C Adrian FiggDepartment of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3514-7750
Tanner D FinkDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2102-3220
Connor M ForsythInterdisciplinary Biological Sciences Graduate Program and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
Harald FuchsUniversity of Münster, Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology, Münster 48149, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3394-3147
Franz M GeigerDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8569-4045
Nathan C GianneschiDepartments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology, and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-9945-5475
Kyle J GibsonDepartment of Chemistry, Alma College, Alma, Michigan 48801, United States.
David S GingerDepartment of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9759-5447
SiShi GuoMOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Justin S HanesDepartment of Ophthalmology and Center for Nanomedicine at Wilmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.
Liangliang HaoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.
Jin HuangDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2882-2634
Bryan M HunterDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8559-9304
Fengwei HuoNanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5318-4267
Jeongmin HwangDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8799-3209
Rongchao JinDepartment of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2525-8345
Shana O KelleyDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3360-5359
Thomas J KempaDepartment of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1672-8325
Youngeun KimDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-9404-6936
Sergej KudrukDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
Sneha KumariDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-5245-7016
Kaitlin M LandyPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.
Ki-Bum LeeDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.
Noel J LeonInternational Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-8865-1566
Jun LiDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
Yuanwei LiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Zhiwei LiDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1489-4506
Bin LiuDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-0956-2777
Guoliang LiuDepartment of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-6778-0625
Xiaogang LiuDepartment of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
Luis M Liz-MarzánCIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6647-1353
Jochen H LorchInternational Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
Taokun LuoDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-5894-0490
Robert J MacfarlaneDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-9449-2680
Jill E MillstoneDepartments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9499-5744
Milan MrksichDepartments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Developmental Biology and International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4964-796X
Catherine J MurphyChan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60642, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-7066-5575
Rajesh R NaikMINED XAI, Dayton, Ohio 45402, United States.
Andre E NelDavid Geffen School of Medicine and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-5232-4686
Christopher OetheimerDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
Jenny K Hedlund OrbeckInternational Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
So-Jung ParkDepartment of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-6364-3754
Benjamin E PartridgeDepartment of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2359-1280
Nicholas A PeppasMcKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0894-5626
Michelle L PersonickDepartment of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904 United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4747-9429
Arindam RajDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-7277-6770
Namrata RamaniWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8159-2842
Michael B RossDepartment of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2511-0594
Stacey Barnaby RossQuanterix, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States.
Edward H SargentDepartments of Chemistry and Electrical and Computer Engineering and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0396-6495
Tanushri SenguptaInternational Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0009-0009-4902-4007
George C SchatzDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-5837-4740
Dwight S SeferosDepartment of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-8742-8058
Tamar SeidemanDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-0643-3742
Soyoung Eileen SeoSchool for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1593-4474
Bo ShenDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8011-7134
Wooyoung ShimDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and Yonsei IBS Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-7601-6282
Donghoon ShinDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-5017-547X
Ulrich SimonInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6118-0573
Andrew J SinegraDepartment of Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States.
Peter T SmithDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-8892-3752
Alexander M SpokoynyDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-5683-6240
Peter J StangDepartment of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2307-0576
Alexander H SteghDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.
J Fraser StoddartDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China.ORCID 0000-0003-3161-3697
Dayne F SwearerDepartment of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
Weihong TanDepartment of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
Michelle H TeplenskyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4664-420X
C Shad ThaxtonInternational Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
David R WaltWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 United States.ORCID 0000-0002-5524-7348
Mary X WangConvergence Research, West Chester Township, Ohio 45069, United States.
Zhe WangDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States.
Wei David WeiDepartment of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3121-5798
Paul S WeissCalifornia NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-5527-6248
Peter H WinegarCalifornia Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3 Institute), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0984-4990
Younan XiaThe Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2431-7048
Yi XieDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-7647-9666
Xiaoyang XuDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1634-3329
Peidong YangDepartments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4799-1684
Yiming YangDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0009-0008-5010-2749
Zihao YeDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0616-5650
Kuk Ro YoonDepartment of Chemistry, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, South Korea.
Cuizheng ZhangDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3342-7003
Hua ZhangDepartment of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9518-740X
Ke ZhangDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
Liangfang ZhangAiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0637-0654
Xiaoyu ZhangDepartment of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-0951-9664
Ye ZhangFrontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Zijian ZhengThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Wenjie ZhouDivision of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.
Shengshuang ZhuArbor Biotechnologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States.
Wei ZhuMOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Funding
Targeting Cell-Type Specific Disease Phenotypes to Promote CNS RepairRM1NS133003 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI NAGI G AYAD, Jae K Lee · 2023 to 2026
$4.8MResource Development CoreU54DK137516 · NIDDK · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Eun Ji Paige Chung, Pinelopi P. Kapitsinou · 2023 to 2026
$4.8MMMP responsive polymeric materials for treating acute myocardial infarctionR01HL139001 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Karen L Christman, Nathan Claude Gianneschi · 2017 to 2026
$3.9MInnovative Research for Cancer Nanotechnology (IRCN) for Enhancing Melanoma-specific Immune Responses by the Rational Design of Spherical Nucleic AcidsR01CA257926 · NCI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY · PI CHAD A. MIRKIN, Bin Zhang · 2022 to 2026
$2.5MSpherical Nucleic Acid nano-architectures as first-in-class cGAS agonists for the immunotherapeutic treatment of Glioblastoma.R01CA275430 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MIRKIN, CHAD A., STEGH, ALEXANDER H. · 2022 to 2025
$2.3MSensor arrays based on molecularly imprinted polymers for diagnosis of Sjogren's syndromeR01EB022025 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI ANSLYN, ERIC V., PEPPAS, NICHOLAS A · 2016 to 2019
$1.5MInjectable Hybrid SMART Spheroids to Enhance Stem Cell Therapy for CNS InjuriesR01NS130836 · NINDS · RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J. · PI Kibum Lee · 2023 to 2026
$1.3MHarnessing Nanoscale Presentation to Elucidate the Impact of Therapeutic Packaging on Innate ImmunityR35GM157326 · NIGMS · BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS) · PI Michelle H Teplensky · 2025 to 2026
$818kDeveloping multiplexed microenvironmental sensors for precision diagnostics of cancer metastasisR00CA237861 · NCI · BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS) · PI HAO, LIANGLIANG · 2023 to 2025
$747kInvestigating mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegeneration using A Nanoparticle-based Synthetic Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Transcription RegulatorR21NS132556 · NINDS · RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J. · PI LEE, KIBUM · 2023 to 2024
$390kBiosynthesis of Cyclopamine and New-to-Nature Triterpenoids in YeastF32GM153046 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI Peter Henry Winegar · 2024 to 2026
$229kNCI NIH HHS R00 CA237861NCI NIH HHS R01 CA257926NCI NIH HHS R01 CA275430NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL139001NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB022025NIDDK NIH HHS U54 DK137516NIGMS NIH HHS F32 GM153046NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM157326NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS130836NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS132556NINDS NIH HHS RM1 NS133003
Abstract
Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges. In this Nano Focus, we pose and explore 33 questions whose answers could profoundly impact fields such as energy, electronics, the environment, optics, and medicine. These questions highlight the need for deeper foundational understanding, improved tools and techniques, and innovative applications─each with significant societal relevance. Together, they represent a global call-to-action for the scientific community.
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