ReviewEuropean journal of neurology2025
The Locus Coeruleus-Noradrenergic System in the Healthy and Diseased Brain: A Narrative Review.
Review in European journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pharmacologic Management of Sleep Bruxism in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Polysomnographic Outcomes.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Sorting the mind: cognitive enhancement through transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Does sex moderate health and Alzheimer's disease risk tied to early educational experiences? The reducing inequities through social and educational change follow-up in early adulthood extension study protocol.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Altered locus coeruleus functional connectivity in migraine without aura based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Article
- Neural mechanisms linking Western diet consumption and cognitive impairment: a role for the vagus nerve.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Review
- The Pupil-Brain System at Rest: Spontaneous Pupil Fluctuations as Markers of Neuromodulatory and Network Dynamics.Psychophysiology · 2026Review
- Pain in Alzheimer's Disease: Disrupted Multilevel Integration of Nociception, Affective Processing and Clinical Expression Across Clinical and Preclinical Evidence.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Restless Legs Syndrome: A Network Model of Iron-Dependent Neuromodulation-A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Impact of chronic alcohol and stress on midlife cognition and locus coeruleus integrity in mice.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Sex-dependent locus coeruleus vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease: gut dysbiosis as a driver and probiotic intervention as rescue.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Chemical multiplexing in the nervous system: molecular architecture, functional stratification, and pathophysiological plasticity of neuropeptide-classical neurotransmitter cotransmission.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Article
- Noradrenergic Slow Vasomotion: The Hidden Fluid Pump Linking Sleep, Brain Clearance, and Dementia Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Locus Coeruleus-Noradrenergic System in the Healthy and Diseased Brain: A Narrative Review.European journal of neurology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe locus coeruleus (LC) is a compact nucleus of noradrenergic neurons in the brainstem. Despite its relatively small size, the LC has widespread axonal connections and serves as the primary source of noradrenaline (NA) throughout the central nervous system. The LC-NA system plays a critical role in regulating cognitive and physiological processes, and its dysfunction has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders.
resultsThis narrative review explores the anatomy, neurochemistry, and function of the LC-NA system in both the healthy and diseased brain. We first provide a detailed overview of LC connectivity, highlighting its afferent and efferent projections and their implications for brain-wide noradrenaline modulation. Next, we discuss the neurochemical properties of noradrenaline, emphasizing its synthesis, release dynamics, and receptor interactions. The core of this review focuses on the functional roles of the LC-NA system, systematically addressing each function first in the healthy brain and then discussing associated disorders. Specifically, we explore the role of LC-NA signaling in attention and arousal, stress, emotion and pain, memory, motion, and neuroprotection, followed by discussions on psychiatric disorders, cognitive dysfunctions, and neurodegenerative diseases that arise from its dysregulation. Lastly, we examine the involvement of the LC in epilepsy, highlighting how alterations in noradrenaline signaling contribute to seizure susceptibility and propagation.
conclusionBy integrating anatomical, neurochemical, and functional perspectives, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the LC-NA system's role in brain function and its relevance as a therapeutic target in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.