ArticleInternational journal of behavioral development2025
Multiple child caregivers and multiple cognitive caregiving practices: Associations with early childhood development in 51 low- and middle-income countries.
Article in International journal of behavioral development, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Child- and Adult-Centered Toy Play Across Languages in Thai-English Bilingual Mother-Child Interactions.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Positive youth development from early adolescence to young adulthood in nine countries: Intercepts, trajectories, and associations with parental warmth and behavioral control.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Five issues about three cognitive caregiving practices are addressed in mothers, fathers, and children's other caregivers in nationally representative samples from 51 low- and middle-income countries with 159,959 36- to 59-month-old children. The five issues include base rates of cognitive caregiving practices of mothers, fathers, and other caregivers of young children, associations of cognitive caregiving practices of the three caregivers with children's development, associations among the three caregivers' cognitive caregiving practices, comparison of the three caregivers' cognitive caregiving practices with girls and boys, and assessments of how overall national development relates to the three caregivers' cognitive caregiving practices. The data addressing these five issues derive from the maternal reports in UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. Mothers engaged in the most cognitive caregiving, followed by other caregivers, and then fathers. Each caregiver's cognitive caregiving was uniquely associated with children's development, but in models that included all three caregivers' caregiving simultaneously mothers' cognitive caregiving had the largest association. In addition, mothers' and fathers' cognitive caregiving practices covaried, but their cognitive caregiving practices were unrelated to those of their children's other caregivers. Girls and boys experienced similar levels of cognitive caregiving from the three caregivers. The higher a country's level of human development, the more mothers and fathers, but not other caregivers, engaged in cognitive caregiving.
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Registered trials
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