Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40904798›Full record

Observational studyFrontiers in endocrinology2025

Evaluation of vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor expression, and innate immune mediators in COVID-19.

Ferdos Missilmani, Dima Maarabouni, Elie Salem-Sokhn, Spyridon N Karras, Hana M A Fakhoury, Said El Shamieh

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ferdos Missilmani *Molecular Testing Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Dima Maarabouni *Molecular Testing Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Elie Salem-SokhnMolecular Testing Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Spyridon N KarrasLaboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Hana M A FakhouryCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Said El ShamiehMolecular Testing Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and objectives: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic underscored the importance of identifying host factors that influence susceptibility to infection. Vitamin D signaling, mediated via its receptor ( Methods: This prospective observational study assessed serum vitamin D concentrations and nasopharyngeal gene expression in Lebanese participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 between January and March 2024. We enrolled 264 patients undergoing RT-qPCR (targeting Results: Serum vitamin D levels and Conclusion: Our findings reveal a complex interplay between systemic vitamin D status, local VDR expression, and innate inflammatory mediators in COVID-19. They support a model in which both micronutrient levels and tissue-specific vitamin D signaling modulate host susceptibility and disease severity.

Indexed as

COVID-19Immunity, InnateReceptors, CalcitriolVitamin DAdultAgedalpha-DefensinsChemokine CCL20FemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesSARS-CoV-225-hydroxyvitamin Dalpha-DefensinsCCL20 protein, humanChemokine CCL20Receptors, CalcitriolVDR protein, humanVitamin DCOVID-19inflammatory biomarkersinnate immunityVDRvitamin D

Identifiers

PMID40904798
PMCPMC12401688

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.