ArticleInternational journal of sports physical therapy2025
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation for the Upper Extremity and Scapula: Review and Update on Rehabilitation of Shoulder Pathology.
Article in International journal of sports physical therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07375823 (Effects of Electrical Muscle Stimulation Applied Concurrently With Active Movement and Exercise Therapy in Cervical Radiculopathy), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Electrical Muscle Stimulation Applied Concurrently With Active Movement and Exercise Therapy in Cervical Radiculopathy: A Randomized Trial
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Compared with Standardized Exercise-Based Physiotherapy for Chronic Shoulder Pain Treated with Ultrasound-Guided Corticosteroid Injections: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation improves tendon-bone healing in a rat model of rotator cuff tear: a comparative study with traditional electroacupuncture and infrared therapy.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) has deep roots in neurological rehabilitation for the treatment of neuromuscular disorders that has carried over into musculoskeletal rehabilitation and human performance. There are two major aspects of PNF in musculoskeletal practice, stretching and strengthening, but this commentary only addresses the effects of strengthening. Techniques that do not incorporate all the original principles and guidelines as described in the literature are often miscategorized as PNF. The purpose of this clinical update/commentary is to review the essential principles, guidelines, and techniques for the effective utilization of PNF strengthening exercises for the upper extremity highlighting the importance of regaining/maintaining the synergist relationship between the glenohumeral joint and scapula. It will also provide recommended sequencing, exercise parameters, and present evidence of the effectiveness of incorporating PNF patterns into the rehabilitation programs for upper extremity pathologies. # Level of Evidence 5.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.