Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40904119›Full record

ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2025

Modified DNA substrate selectivity by GmrSD-family Type IV restriction enzyme BrxU.

Jennifer J Readshaw, Yan-Jiun Lee, Peter Weigele, Tim R Blower

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Preface: the ecology and evolution of bacterial immune systems.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jennifer J ReadshawDepartment of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
Yan-Jiun LeeNew England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA.
Peter WeigeleNew England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA.
Tim R BlowerDepartment of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7390-6458

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/T008695/1Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacteriophages (phages), viral predators of bacteria, generate selection pressure that causes bacteria to evolve defence systems. Type I, II and III restriction enzymes cleave incoming non-modified phage DNAs. Phages have evolved to defend against these restriction systems by modifying their DNA so that they are no longer suitable substrates. Type IV restriction enzymes have evolved to recognize and cleave modified DNA. We have recently characterized and solved the first structure for the Type IV GmrSD-family enzymes, using the BrxU homologue from

Indexed as

BacteriophagesDNA Restriction EnzymesDNA, ViralViral ProteinsSubstrate SpecificityDNA Restriction EnzymesDNA, ViralViral ProteinsbacteriophageBrxUDNA modificationGmrSDphage defencerestriction enzyme

Identifiers

PMID40904119
PMCPMC12409352

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.