Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40904065›Full record

ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2026

Electrochemical Biosensor for Rapid Detection of Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplants.

Rohit Gupta, Nikolaos Salaris, Ashish Kalkal, Fernando Yuen Chang, Maryam Javed, Azhar Ali Khan, Priya Mandal, Stavroula Balabani, Reza Motallebzadeh, Manish K Tiwari

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Rohit GuptaNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5246-0883
Nikolaos SalarisNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5460-1483
Ashish KalkalNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4342-1193
Fernando Yuen ChangResearch Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
Maryam JavedDepartment of Nephrology & Renal Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital London, London, NW3 2QG, UK.
Azhar Ali KhanDepartment of Nephrology & Renal Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital London, London, NW3 2QG, UK.
Priya MandalNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4514-4246
Stavroula BalabaniUCL Hawkes Institute, University College London, London, W1W 7TS, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6287-1106
Reza MotallebzadehResearch Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5399-9546
Manish K TiwariNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5143-6881

Funding

HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council EP/X023974/1Rosetrees Trust UCL-IHE-2020∖103Royal Society RSWF∖R3∖193013St Peter's Trust/The Royal Free Charity SPT130Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences 203145Z/16/ZWellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Kidney transplant recipients face a high risk of acute rejection (AR), where the immune system attacks the transplanted organ. Current diagnostics rely on invasive biopsies with procedural risks, costs, and limited temporal resolution. While urinary chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 are promising non-invasive AR biomarkers, clinical adoption is limited by labor-intensive detection and lack of point-of-care (POC) solutions. A rapid, label-free electrochemical biosensing platform for simultaneous quantification of CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokines from 5 µL of unprocessed urine in 15 min, which for ELISA and biopsy is between 24-72 hrs, is presented. The system uses screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with a Ti

Indexed as

Biosensing TechniquesChemokine CXCL9Electrochemical TechniquesGraft RejectionKidney TransplantationBiomarkersChemokine CXCL10HumansHydrogelsBiomarkersChemokine CXCL10Chemokine CXCL9CXCL10 protein, humanCXCL9 protein, humanHydrogelsacute rejectionantifoulingelectrochemical biosensorkidney disease monitoringpoint‐of‐care diagnostics

Identifiers

PMID40904065
PMCPMC12790328

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.