ArticleDigestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society2025
Vendor-Agnostic Vision Transformer-Based Artificial Intelligence for Peroral Cholangioscopy: Diagnostic Performance in Biliary Strictures Compared With Convolutional Neural Networks and Endoscopists.
Article in Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment With Cholangiopancreatoscopy.Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence in Cholangioscopy: A New Frontier for Indeterminate Biliary Strictures.Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterologyReview
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16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesAccurate diagnosis of biliary strictures remains challenging. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system for peroral cholangioscopy (POCS) using a Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture and to evaluate its performance compared to different vendor devices, conventional convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and endoscopists.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 125 patients with indeterminate biliary strictures who underwent POCS between 2012 and 2024. AI models including the ViT architecture and two established CNN architectures were developed using images from CHF-B260 or B290 (CHF group; Olympus Medical) and SpyScope DS or DS II (Spy group; Boston Scientific) systems via a patient-level, 3-fold cross-validation. For a direct comparison against endoscopists, a balanced 440-image test set, containing an equal number of images from each vendor, was used for a blinded evaluation.
resultsThe 3-fold cross-validation on the entire 2062-image dataset yielded a robust accuracy of 83.9% (95% confidence interval (CI), 80.9-86.7) for the ViT model. The model's accuracy was consistent between CHF (82.7%) and Spy (86.8%, p = 0.198) groups, and its performance was comparable to the evaluated conventional CNNs. On the 440-image test set, the ViT's accuracy of 78.4% (95% CI, 72.5-83.8) was comparable to that of expert endoscopists (82.0%, p = 0.148) and non-experts (73.0%, p = 0.066), with no statistically significant differences observed.
conclusionsThe novel ViT-based AI model demonstrated high vendor-agnostic diagnostic accuracy across multiple POCS systems, achieving performance comparable to conventional CNNs and endoscopists evaluated in this study.
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