ArticleFrontiers in physiology2025
Autonomic and physiological stress responses in navy divers: the protective role of diving experience.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Heliox versus trimix in closed-circuit rebreather diving: A comparative study of pulmonary and decompression stress in male divers.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Influence of experience on cardiovascular diving reflex in professional divers.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Cognitive risk during underwater exposure: from environmental stressors to assessment and context-aware monitoring.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Deep diving presents significant physiological stress, yet reliable indicators for monitoring autonomic and stress responses remain underdeveloped. This study examined how prior deep diving experience influences autonomic regulation and stress biomarkers during a simulated dive to a depth of 220 feet. Methods: Twenty-eight Navy divers (15 experienced, 13 novice) underwent psychological assessments (perceived stress, anxiety, fear) and salivary biomarker analysis (cortisol, amylase) pre- and post-dive. Heart rate variability (HRV), including linear (rMSSD, HF) and non-linear indices (SD1, SD1/SD2, sample entropy), was measured at four dive stages (pre-dive, bottom, decompression, and post-dive). Results: After adjusting for age and perceived stress, experienced divers exhibited greater post-dive reductions in cortisol ( Discussion: Diving experience facilitates enhanced autonomic control and stress adaptation. These findings support the use of real-time physiological monitoring and experience-based training protocols to mitigate risk during deep dives.
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