Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40901274›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Psychological Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers: A Comparative Study Across Sectors and Clinical Roles.

Jagadeesan Subramanian, Ramakrishnan T Venkatakrishnan, Srihari Cattamanchi, Kennedy Kumar, Sugandhi Pugazhendhi, Krishna Kumar Dharuman

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In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jagadeesan SubramanianDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND.
Ramakrishnan T VenkatakrishnanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND.
Srihari CattamanchiDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND.
Kennedy KumarDepartment of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND.
Sugandhi PugazhendhiMedical and Bioresearch, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, IND.
Krishna Kumar DharumanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Allied Health Science, Srinivas University, Mangalore, IND.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted healthcare workers' mental health, causing stress, anxiety, burnout, and post-traumatic stress disorder. This study evaluated psychological indicators across government and private healthcare settings to develop targeted mental health interventions for healthcare workers. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted over one year at the Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India, and the Government Headquarters Hospital in Kanchipuram, India. The study involved 400 healthcare workers from each tertiary care hospital. A stratified random sampling method categorized workers into frontline and non-frontline groups. Data were collected using a custom questionnaire for stress and demographic data, and standardized questionnaires for anxiety and depression: the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Statistical analyses used independent t-tests and chi-square tests.

resultsFrontline workers showed elevated incidences of severe anxiety (n=22, 22%) and depression (n=32, 31.8%) compared to non-frontline counterparts. Non-frontline workers reported higher levels of mild-to-moderate stress and anxiety. Healthcare professionals in the private sector showed higher levels of severe stress (n=78, 39%), anxiety (n=88, 44%), and depression (n=84, 42%) than those in the government sector. Significant differences were observed in psychological assessments between frontline and non-frontline workers and between government and private-sector workers.

conclusionThis study shows the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers' psychological well-being. Frontline workers faced higher rates of severe anxiety and depression, while non-frontline workers experienced notable levels of mild-to-moderate stress. These findings emphasize the need for support systems and interventions tailored to address the needs of frontline and non-frontline healthcare workers across government and private sectors.

Indexed as

anxietycoronavirus disease 2019covid-19 pandemicdepressionfrontline health workersgovernment hospitalshamilton anxiety scalehamilton rating scale for depressionprivate hospitalsstress

Identifiers

PMID40901274
PMCPMC12401478

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.