ArticleJournal of toxicology2025
In Vivo Irritation and Sensitization Assessment of Cypermethrin, Pymetrozine, and Indoxacarb-Emamectin Benzoate Combination in Test Animals.
Article in Journal of toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Insecticides are widely used to protect agricultural and plantation products from pests and plant-disrupting organisms. Prior to market distribution, pesticide-containing products must undergo safety evaluations, including assessments of potential skin and eye irritation and allergic responses. In this study, we conducted one of the first comparative in vivo evaluations of commercial insecticidal formulations containing cypermethrin (Gusano 300 EC), pymetrozine (Vorum 50 WG), and indoxacarb-emamectin benzoate (Endorse Plus 160/20 OD) using internationally recognized protocols based on OECD 404 (skin irritation), OECD 405 (eye irritation), and OECD 406 (skin sensitization). The results showed that the cypermethrin formulation caused minimal skin irritation, mild eye irritation, and skin sensitization. The pymetrozine formulation did not cause skin irritation or sensitization but induced mild eye irritation. The indoxacarb-emamectin Benzoate formulation caused mild eye irritation and skin sensitization, with minimal skin irritation. These findings contribute novel data to the toxicological profile of these pesticide formulations and support future safety evaluations and regulatory assessments.
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