Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40900774›Full record

ArticleWorld journal of gastroenterology2025

Sex based relative expression of estrogen receptors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in liver affects hepatitis C virus viral pathogenesis.

Sarah Groover, Sarah Addison, Savannah Nicks, Mitchelle Mwangi, Amy Brooks, Anil Kaul, Rashmi Kaul

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in World journal of gastroenterology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sarah GrooverDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74017, United States.
Sarah AddisonDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74017, United States.
Savannah NicksDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74017, United States.
Mitchelle MwangiDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74017, United States.
Amy BrooksDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74017, United States.
Anil KaulHealth Care Administration, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74017, United States.
Rashmi KaulDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74017, United States. rashmi.kaul10@okstate.edu.

Funding

Human Liver Tissue & Hepatocytes Research Resource (HLTHRR)R24DK139775 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI DAVID A GELLER, Satdarshan Singh Monga · 2024 to 2026
$1.4M
NIDDK NIH HHS R24 DK139775
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health concern, representing the second most common cause of malignancy-related mortality in the world. The primary cause of HCC in the United States is chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Clinical observations have established sex-based differences in HCV infection with the disease progressing more severely and more rapidly in males and postmenopausal females compared to premenopausal females, suggesting that estrogens and their receptors may play an important role in hepatic defenses and development of HCV-mediated HCC. However, the precise mechanism of estrogen protection and their effects on inflammation is poorly understood.

aimTo determine whether estrogen receptor (ER) expression is correlated with the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in males and females with HCV-associated diseases.

methodsThe role of ERs in modulating innate immune responses was investigated using human liver tissues with HCV/cirrhosis and HCV/HCC. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein (nuclear and cytoplasmic) expression were measured for all markers of interest and compared to normal human liver tissue samples.

resultsERβ was reported for the first time to have a greater mRNA expression than ERα in normal liver (

conclusionAll together, these findings indicate that changes in ERβ and TNF-α expression are associated with worsening disease, and may be part of the sex-dependent factors in HCC pathogenesis.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularEstrogen Receptor alphaEstrogen Receptor betaHepacivirusHepatitis C, ChronicLiverLiver CirrhosisLiver NeoplasmsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAdultAgedFemaleHumansImmunity, InnateMaleMiddle AgedESR1 protein, humanESR2 protein, humanEstrogen Receptor alphaEstrogen Receptor betaRNA, MessengerTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaEstrogen receptorHepatitis C virusHepatocellular carcinomaInflammationLiver cirrhosisTumor necrosis factor alpha

Identifiers

PMID40900774
PMCPMC12400242

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.