ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to lead exposure, 1990-2021: decomposition, frontier, and projection analysis.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modeling the impact of environmental and socioeconomic factors on health expenditure in Türkiye.iScience · 2026Article
- Burden and trends of decubitus ulcers in East Asia, 1990-2021, with projections to 2031: a comprehensive analysis of the global burden of disease study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Global Burden of Ischemic Heart Disease and Ischemic Stroke, 1990-2023: Spatial Heterogeneity, SDI Inequalities, Pandemic-Era Inflections, and Scenario Forecasts to 2035 Using GBD 2023.Cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Global burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to lead exposure: based on the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Introduction: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading global health burden, with lead exposure identified as a significant environment risk factor contributing to its prevalence. Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 were used to analyze deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of IHD due to lead exposure at global, regional, and national levels. Decomposition analysis, frontier analysis, and Bayesian age-period cohort (BAPC) models were applied to assess trends from 1990 to 2021. Results: In 2021, deaths and DALYs attributable to lead exposure reached 590,370.03 and 11,854,611.43, respectively, though age-standardized rates (ASRs) declined. Males and the older adult exhibited higher ASRs. At regional level, South Asia had the highest number of deaths and DALYs, while North Africa and the Middle East had the highest ASRs. Certain countries showed increasing ASRs over time, with a negative correlation between socio-demographic index (SDI) and ASRs. Decomposition analysis identified that population growth as the primary driver of increasing deaths and DALYs, particularly in middle-SDI regions. Frontier analysis suggested that middle and low-SDI regions have the greater potential to reduce the IHD burden. BAPC projections indicated a global decrease in IHD burden due to lead exposure by 2050. Conclusions: The burden remains disproportionately high in males, the older adult and low- and middle-SDI regions, highlighting the need for targeted prevention and lead exposure control efforts in these populations.
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