Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40900067›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2025

U.S. State Marijuana and Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol Laws and Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol Use.

Nora Satybaldiyeva, Kevin H Yang, Wayne E Kepner, Eric C Leas

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nora SatybaldiyevaStanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
Kevin H YangDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California.
Wayne E KepnerStanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
Eric C LeasThe Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Qualcomm Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California. Electronic address: ecleas@ucsd.edu.

Funding

Interdisciplinary Research Training in Pain and Substance Use DisordersT32DA035165 · NIDA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI SEAN C MACKEY · 2013 to 2026
$7.2M
Cardiovascular and Chronic Disease Prevention Training ProgramT32HL161270 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CHRISTOPHER D GARDNER · 2022 to 2026
$2.6M
Characterizing the Epidemiology of Cannabidiol (CBD) Use Among US adultsK01DA054303 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Eric Leas · 2022 to 2026
$810k
NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL161270NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA054303NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA035165
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDelta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol has gained popularity since the passage of the 2018 U.S. Farm Bill. The absence of federal laws and varying state regulations governing delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol have allowed manufacturers to evade restrictions placed on marijuana products. This study examined delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol use across different state marijuana and delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol policies.

methodsA cross-sectional, web-based survey of 1,523 U.S. adults was conducted in October-November 2023. Responses were weighted to represent the national adult population. Inverse-probability-of-treatment weights balanced covariates across policy groups; adjusted risk ratios and 95% CIs were estimated in 2025 for state (1) marijuana policy (prohibited, medical only, recreational) and (2) delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol policy (prohibited, regulated, unregulated).

resultsApproximately 7.7% (95% CI=6.5, 9.1) of U.S. adults reported using delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol in their lifetime. The prevalence of delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol use was lower among adults in states permitting recreational marijuana use (5.5%; adjusted risk ratio=0.48, 95% CI=0.33, 0.70) and lower in states permitting medical use only (8.5%; adjusted risk ratio=0.73, 95% CI=0.46, 1.14) than in states prohibiting all marijuana use (10.9%). Adults in states that regulated (3.9%; adjusted risk ratio=0.33, 95% CI=0.20, 0.55) or prohibited (4.5%; adjusted risk ratio=0.47, 95% CI=0.28, 0.78) delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol sales reported lower rates of delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol use than adults in states with unregulated markets for delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (10.5%).

conclusionsDelta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol use is more common where marijuana remains prohibited and less common where delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol sales are regulated or prohibited. State-level restrictions targeting delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol appear to reduce use, suggesting that closing regulatory gaps could limit consumption of these products.

Indexed as

CannabisDronabinolLegislation, DrugMarijuana SmokingMarijuana UseAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedState GovernmentSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesYoung AdultDronabinol

Identifiers

PMID40900067
PMCPMC12911479

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.