ArticleNeurodegenerative disease management2026
A quantitative investigation of the handwriting kinematics in response to STN-DBS in Parkinson's disease patients.
Article in Neurodegenerative disease management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Dissociable Handwriting Domains in Parkinson's Disease?Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe aim of this manuscript was to investigate possible handwriting alterations focusing on micrographia in PD patients with STN-DBS in distinct stimulation conditions.
methodsAll consecutive PD patients with STN-DBS therapy who visited our movement disorder center between October 2023 and December 2023 and agreed to participate in the study were enrolled. Extensive clinical assessments including various scales were performed. The MDS-UPDRS-III-stimulation-'off' and 'on' scores were evaluated. The handwriting parameters including letter area, writing time and pressure were measured on a digital graphic tablet using an electronic pen. In addition to these parameters, indices related to micrographia were measured under four stimulation conditions (bilateral, left, right, no stimulation).
resultsOverall, we included 20 patients with a mean age of 56.7 ± 11.4 years (F/M = 7/13). The comparisons of the handwriting parameters did not reveal any significant differences between the distinct stimulation conditions. Writing duration showed strong correlations with the HAM-A score (CC = 0.662,
conclusionNo stimulation-related dynamic changes were observed in handwriting kinematics in patients with STN-DBS. These findings might give perspectives regarding the pathophysiology of micrographia in PD as well as mechanisms underlying the efficacy of STN-DBS.
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