Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40898767›Full record

ArticleNeuro-oncology2025

Spatial profiling of longitudinal glioblastoma reveals consistent changes in cellular architecture, post-treatment.

Shoaib Ajaib, Joshua Winter-Luke, Richard J Digby, Steven Pollock, Gemma Hemmings, Arief Gusnanto, Aruna Chakrabarty, Azzam Ismail, Erica Wilson, Bethany Hunter and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neuro-oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Accelerating discovery: Transformative clinical trial models in neuro-oncology.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Shoaib AjaibLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8521-7230
Joshua Winter-LukeLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Richard J DigbyDepartment of Neuropathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
Steven PollockLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Gemma HemmingsLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Arief GusnantoSchool of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Aruna ChakrabartyDepartment of Neuropathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
Azzam IsmailDepartment of Neuropathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
Erica WilsonLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Bethany HunterFlow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Andrew FilbyFlow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
David McDonaldFlow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Asa A BrockmanDepartment of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Rebecca A IhriePediatrics - Section of Child Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Lucy F SteadLeeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9550-4150

Funding

Identifying mTOR Dependent Periods During Brain DevelopmentR01NS118580 · NINDS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI ESS, KEVIN C, IHRIE, REBECCA A · 2020 to 2024
$2.1M
British Neuropathology SocietyIntegrated Biological Imaging NetworkNINDS NIH HHS R01 NS118580UK Research and Innovation MR/T020504/1Yorkshire's Brain Tumour Charity and OSCARs Paediatric Brain Tumour Charity
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive adult brain cancer, comprises a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) with diverse cellular interactions that drive progression and pathobiology. The aim of this study was to understand how these spatial patterns and interactions evolve with treatment.

methodsTo explore these relationships, we employed imaging mass cytometry to measure the expression of 34 protein markers, enabling the identification of GBM-specific cell types and their interactions at the single-cell protein level in paired primary (pre-treatment) and recurrent (post-treatment) GBM samples from five patients.

resultsWe find a significant post-treatment increase in normal brain cells alongside a reduction in vascular cells. Moreover, despite minimal overall change in cellular diversity, interactions among astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and vascular cells increase post-treatment, suggesting reorganization of the TME. The GBM TME cells form spatially organized layers driven by hypoxia pre-treatment, but this influence diminishes post-treatment, giving way to less organized layers with organization driven by reactive astrocytes and lymphocytes.

conclusionsThese findings provide insight into treatment-induced shifts in GBM's cellular landscape, highlighting aspects of the evolving TME that appear to facilitate recurrence and are, therefore, potential therapeutic targets.

Indexed as

Biomarkers, TumorBrain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalTumor MicroenvironmentAdultAstrocytesFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedBiomarkers, TumorGBMglioblastomaIDHwtimaging mass cytometryIMCTME

Identifiers

PMID40898767
PMCPMC12916744

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.