Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40898368›Full record

ArticleStem cell research & therapy2025

Novel pharmaco-exosomal immunotherapy for united airway diseases: PLGA-encapsulated, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes with PPAR-γ agonist for allergic rhinitis and asthma.

Khawar Ali Shahzad, Zhao Wang, Boyu Cai, Xuran Li, Xiaohui Lv, Yanhong Wang, Fei Tan

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Stem cell research & therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Structural and cellular mechanisms of mucus plugging in the larger airways.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Khawar Ali Shahzad *Department of ORL-HNS, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, and School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Zhao Wang *Department of ORL-HNS, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, and School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Boyu CaiDepartment of ORL-HNS, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, and School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Xuran LiDepartment of ORL-HNS, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, and School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Xiaohui LvDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yanhong WangDepartment of ORL-HNS, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, and School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Fei TanDepartment of ORL-HNS, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, and School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. iatrologist@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1010-0163

Funding

Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities Fundamental Research Funds for Central UniversitiesNational Natural Science Foundation of China 82271192
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe united airway diseases (UADs), exemplified by allergic rhinitis and asthma, cause significant morbidity. Although conventional pharmacotherapy provides symptomatic relief, recent evidence has indicated that cellular therapy, such as stem cell-derived exosomes, might offer therapeutic advantages throughout the entire respiratory tract.

objectivesThe present study intends to demonstrate the effect and explore the mechanism of a novel pharmaco-exosomal immunotherapy, i.e., mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSC-exo) supplemented with PPAR-γ agonists (Pioglitazone), which is locally delivered using PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA-exo-PIO) for the treatment of allergic airway diseases using male Balb/c mice.

methodsThe in vitro and in vivo therapeutic potential was observed using fluorescence imaging, RT-qPCR, ELISA, histopathology, flow cytometry, and bioinformatics analysis.

resultsOur results indicated that PLGA NPs exhibited prolonged retention and sustained release in the nasal cavity and lungs. In vitro, PLGA-exo-PIO treatment suppresses LPS-induced inflammation in nasal epithelial cells and mast cells. Using murine models of UADs, PLGA-exo-PIO therapy significantly improved the symptom score, reduced inflammatory cells (i.e., eosinophils and goblets) at tissue levels, and upregulated IFN-γ and IL-10 while downregulating histamine, IgE, LTC4, IL-4, and IL-17. In addition, flow cytometric analysis revealed elevated counts of Th1 cells, Tregs, and Bregs, and reduced Th2 cells, eosinophils, and basophils in the blood and spleen of the treated mice. Finally, the data from bioinformatic analysis supported the therapeutic capabilities of fabricated PLGA-exo-PIO via regulation of multiple signaling pathways, such as the Notch cascade and NF-kB cascade.

conclusionFor the first time, we used a PLGA-delivered, PIO-strengthened MSC-exo system (PLGA-exo-PIO) as a novel therapy to simultaneously manage AR and asthma as UADs.

Indexed as

AsthmaExosomesImmunotherapyMesenchymal Stem CellsPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerPPAR gammaRhinitis, AllergicAnimalsHumansMaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CNanoparticlesPioglitazonePPAR-gamma AgonistsPioglitazonePolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerPPAR gammaPPAR-gamma AgonistsAllergic rhinitisAsthmaExosomeNotch pathwayPioglitazonePLGA

Identifiers

PMID40898368
PMCPMC12406405

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.