ArticleJournal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England)2025
Work-related instant messaging and calling stress (WRIMCS) among physicians: a novel occupational health risk?
Article in Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimTo assess the association between WRIMC and perceived stress among physicians through the lens of 'occupational context' and psycho-physiological stressors as mediators.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Albania in January 2025 including a representative sample of 367 physicians (≈ 66% females; overall response rate: ≈90%). A structured 36-item questionnaire included demographic characteristics, WRIMC exposure and related psycho-physiological stressors and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Multivariable-adjusted ordinal logistic regression was used to assess the direct association between WRIMC-related exposures and PSS scores, whereas mediation analysis was used to assess indirect effects using the perceived impact of work on stress level and psycho-physiological stressors as mediators.
resultsPhysicians had moderate-to-high exposure frequencies to work-related phone usage, instant messages and calling, app-based instant messaging, WRIMC beyond work hours, during vacations or after 22:00 o'clock. WRIMC via apps, irritability due to WRIMC interruptions, guilt over not responding to WRIMC and mental fatigue due to WRIMC were identified as ordinal correlates of perceived stress (β = 0.48, β = 0.65, β = 0.33 and β = 0.37, respectively). The perceived impact of work served as a partial mediator (β = 1.07) between WRIMC and PSS scores, though a direct effect of WRIMC on PSS was also observed (β = 2.57). Physicians' age was a negative covariate in both indirect and direct effects.
conclusionsPhysicians are highly exposed to WRIMC which may be associated with certain psycho-physiological stressors. The perceived occupational stress context of instant messaging and calling might represent a significant pathway beyond technostress per se, which may be interconnected with or distinct from work-related stress.
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