ArticleCardio-oncology (London, England)2025
Concomitant carcinoid heart disease and patent foramen ovale: a case report and review of literature.
Article in Cardio-oncology (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Quadrivalvular Carcinoid Heart Disease Via Patent Foramen Ovale as Initial Presentation of Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundCarcinoid Heart Disease (CHD) primarily affects the right heart valves, while left heart involvement is rare and often associated with a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Early identification of a PFO in CHD can be critical to patient outcomes. A 61-year-old woman with metastatic neuroendocrine tumor presented with worsening breathlessness and hypoxemia. Imaging excluded pulmonary embolism and lung metastases. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe tricuspid regurgitation due to carcinoid valve involvement. Persistent hypoxemia prompted transesophageal echocardiography, which demonstrated a right-to-left shunt through a PFO. Right heart catheterization confirmed the findings excluding significant pulmonary hypertension. Percutaneous PFO closure improved oxygenation, but the patient deteriorated due to right ventricular failure and ultimately died from multiorgan failure despite later tricuspid valve replacement.
conclusionThis case illustrates the importance of early detection of PFO in CHD, as delayed intervention can lead to poor outcomes. Simultaneous PFO closure and valve replacement may be preferable to a staged approach. A multidisciplinary strategy is vital for timely diagnosis and optimal treatment planning in such complex cases.
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