Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40898134›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025

Repeated introductions and widespread transmission of human metapneumovirus in Côte d'Ivoire.

Hervé A Kadjo, Sairah M Khan, Sana Tamim, Meriadeg Ar Gouilh, Marius Adagba, Edgard Adjogoua, Daouda Coulibaly, Astrid Vabret, Joshua L Cherry, Martha I Nelson and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hervé A KadjoDepartment of Epidemic Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. rvkdjo@yahoo.fr.
Sairah M Khan *Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Sana Tamim *Department of Virology/Immunology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Meriadeg Ar GouilhDepartment of Virology, University of Caen Normandy, Dynamicure INSERM UMR 1311, Centre Hospital-Universitaire (CHU) Caen, Caen, France.
Marius AdagbaDepartment of Epidemic Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Edgard AdjogouaDepartment of Epidemic Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Daouda CoulibalyDepartment of Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance, National Institute of Public Hygiene, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Astrid VabretDepartment of Virology, University of Caen Normandy, Dynamicure INSERM UMR 1311, Centre Hospital-Universitaire (CHU) Caen, Caen, France.
Joshua L CherryDivision of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Martha I NelsonDivision of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Nídia S TrovãoDivision of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. nidia.trovao@nih.gov.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In Cote d'Ivoire, the incidence rate of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) rose from 165 cases per 1000 children in 2014 to more than 200 cases per 1000 children in 2015. The genetic diversity, transmission dynamics, and epidemiology of human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a causative agent of ARIs, in Cote d'Ivoire are unknown. This information is key in comprehending the transmission patterns and the role of global strains in establishing local epidemics in the country. Demographic information and biological samples were collected from 3,899 children under five-years-old, from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 through Côte d'Ivoire's Influenza surveillance network. Phylodynamic modeling was performed on sequences of the surface and attachment glycoprotein genes (F and G, respectively). A total of 6.23% (n = 243/3899) of the samples were positive for hMPV. We observed continuous transmission of hMPV in Côte d'Ivoire throughout the year with peaks in the two dry periods from February to March and July to September. Phylodynamic modeling revealed the circulation of the two large groups of genotypes A and B as well as lineages A, B, B1, and B2. Viral introductions into Côte d'Ivoire were estimated to have occurred 2011-2015 for the F gene genotypes and 2007-2014 for G gene genotypes. Through phylogeographic modeling, we estimated at least 14 viral introductions into Côte d'Ivoire during this period frequently from regions with available sequence data (e.g., Asia). Molecular surveillance and characterization of the evolutionary mechanisms and the spread of hMPV in Côte d'Ivoire allows for differentiating the burden caused by this virus and other co-circulating respiratory viruses like RSV and influenza. Our findings may inform potential vaccine designs for hMPV similar to the recent success for RSV. Therefore, larger-scale and continuous genomic and epidemiological surveillance of hMPV globally and in Côte d'Ivoire is essential for identifying viral introductions and implementing control strategies.

Indexed as

MetapneumovirusParamyxoviridae InfectionsRespiratory Tract InfectionsChild, PreschoolCote d'IvoireFemaleGenetic VariationGenotypeHumansInfantMalePhylogenyAcute respiratory infectionsDisease severityEvolutionHuman metapneumovirusPhylodynamics

Identifiers

PMID40898134
PMCPMC12403408

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.