ArticleBMJ open2025
Latent profile analysis of empathy for pain and its associations with coping styles among nurses in China.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- A scoping review of factors associated with pain empathy among nursing professionals and students.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Profiles of Extra-Task Workload Among Clinical Nurses and Associations With Narrative Cognitive Ability: A Latent Profile Analysis.Journal of nursing management · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesThis study sought to evaluate the prevalence of empathy for pain among nurses in Chinese hospitals through latent profile analysis, identify latent subgroups and their demographic characteristics and examine the relationship between different subgroups and coping styles.
designA multicentre cross-sectional study.
settingThe study was conducted in 43 hospitals across Guangdong Province, China, comprising 36 general medical hospitals and 7 specialty hospitals.
participantsThis study recruited 1656 registered nurses with over 1 year of clinical experience from 43 hospitals in Guangdong Province, China, using a convenience sampling method between June and September 2023. A total of 1601 valid questionnaires were returned, with a response rate of 96.68%. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Data were collected through online questionnaires using the General Information Questionnaire, the Chinese Version of the Empathy for Pain Scale and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was applied to assess the characteristics of nurses' empathy for pain, while logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors influencing the different empathy for pain profiles.
resultsThe mean empathy for pain score among the 1601 clinical nurses was 2.92±0.79. Nurses' empathy for pain was categorised into three latent profiles: low empathy sensitivity (33.9%), balanced response (48%) and empathy contradiction (18.1%). Univariate analysis demonstrated significant variations in the distribution of nurses across different profiles concerning age, marital status, childbearing status, perceived pain tolerance, job satisfaction, participation in pain-related knowledge training, designation as a pain resource nurse and coping styles scores. Logistic regression analysis identified perceived pain tolerance, job satisfaction and coping styles as significant determinants of nurses' latent empathy for pain profiles (p<0.05).
conclusionsNurses' empathy for pain characteristics exhibits heterogeneity and can be categorised into three latent profiles. Nursing managers should implement targeted interventions tailored to each profile, focusing on the key determinants such as perceived pain tolerance, job satisfaction and coping styles. These interventions can enhance nurses' empathy for pain, promote the adoption of positive coping styles and ultimately improve clinical pain management and overall nursing care quality.
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