ArticleHealth affairs scholar2025
Early impact of the Inflation Reduction Act on small molecule vs biologic post-approval oncology trials.
Article in Health affairs scholar, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Changing Landscape of Global Biopharmaceutical Leadership, 2004-2024.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Article
- Ten high-priority areas for health policy research in 2026-2027.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), small molecule drugs are subject to a shorter timeline toward eligibility for selection to the Drug Price Negotiation Program (DPNP) than biologics (7 vs 11 years post-approval), raising concerns about incentives for post-approval clinical development. Methods: Using Citeline's Trialtrove database (7/2014-8/2024), this longitudinal study explored the impact of IRA's passage on industry-sponsored, post-approval phase I-III clinical trials in small molecule vs biologic oncology drugs, excluding vaccine-related trials. We used a difference-in-difference design to explore the impact of the IRA's differential DPNP timeline on small molecule trials in oncology by comparing changes in the number of newly initiated post-approval trials in small molecule drugs after the IRA (first difference) with changes in biological trials (second difference). Results: The monthly average of small molecule and biologic trials dropped by 45.3% ( Conclusion: This finding supports hypotheses that the IRA's differential timelines toward DPNP eligibility for the 2 molecule types may disproportionately disincentivize post-approval research in small molecule drugs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.