ArticleCureus2025
Extension-Type Spinal Fractures on Flat Surfaces: Forensic Autopsy Findings From Two Cases.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Extension-distraction injuries of the spine, classified as B3 in the AOSpine Trauma Classification system, are generally attributed to hyperextension mechanisms. However, under specific biomechanical conditions, such injuries may occur even on flat surfaces not typically associated with high-energy trauma. We present two forensic autopsy cases of extension-type vertebral fractures occurring in flat-surface settings. The first case involved a man in his 50s who sustained a thoracic vertebral fracture and cardiac rupture after being compressed dorsally in the prone position by a 1,000-kg brush cutter. The second case involved a man in his 90s with kyphosis who sustained a lumbar extension-type fracture during cardiopulmonary resuscitation after collapsing outdoors. These cases highlight the importance of considering posture and biomechanical forces in the forensic evaluation of spinal fractures.
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