ArticleCureus2025
Association Between Iron Deficiency Without Anemia and Cognitive Impairment in Children.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Thrombosis and Anemia in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathophysiology, Clinical Impact and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundIron deficiency without anemia is a potentially serious, under-recognized nutritional problem that may adversely influence children's cognitive and behavioral development. Although the connection is supported globally, there is a lack of localized studies in Pakistan. This research investigates the relationship between iron deficiency without anemia and cognitive-behavioral problems in Pakistani children aged 5-18. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2025, using convenience sampling of schools and communities in Islamabad. A total of 385 children participated. A three-part structured questionnaire, an Iron Deficiency Risk Questionnaire (IDRQ), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to gather demographic data. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). They consisted of descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, and linear regression to evaluate associations between the risk of iron deficiency and cognitive-behavioral functioning.
resultsThe sample consisted of 385 participants (
conclusionsThe results indicate that iron deficiency without anemia is weakly associated with cognitive and behavioral issues among children. Although the correlation is statistically significant, it is modest, indicating the need for further research to fully understand the extent of this relationship. Community-based nutritional interventions are critical in reducing this hidden burden by recognizing that early detection enables better developmental outcomes among Pakistani children.
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