Observational studyFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with age-related macular degeneration and its clinical correlates: a cross-sectional study.
Observational study in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in older adults, with significant inter-individual variability in clinical progression. Vitamin D, known for its role in calcium homeostasis and anti-inflammatory pathways, may be implicated in AMD pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in AMD patients and their association with clinical phenotypes. Methods: This single-center, cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Tianjin Eye Hospital, China, involving 210 participants (100 AMD patients and 110 healthy controls). Exclusion criteria included conditions affecting vitamin D metabolism and recent vitamin D supplementation. Comprehensive ophthalmic assessments and laboratory tests were performed. Data were analyzed using R software, employing Student's t-tests, ANONA, chi-squared tests, Pearson correlation and linear regression models. Results: AMD patients exhibited significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels than controls (22.98 ± 7.30 ng/mL vs. 26.12 ± 9.81 ng/mL, p=0.013). Within the AMD group, late-stage patients had lower 25(OH)D levels than early-stage patients (22.53 ± 8.14 ng/mL vs. 23.46 ± 6.36 ng/mL, p=0.019) and higher CRP levels (0.31 ± 0.19 mg/L vs. 0.17 ± 0.05 mg/L, p=0.015). ROC curve analysis indicated moderate diagnostic utility of 25(OH)D for distinguishing AMD patients from controls (AUC=0.714, 95% CI: 0.58-0.73, p<0.01), but limited ability to differentiate early vs. late-stage AMD Linear regression analysis revealed positive associations between 25(OH)D levels and apolipoprotein E (ApoE, β=0.157, p=0.04) and serum creatinine (β=0.18, p=0.02). Conclusion: This study provides evidence linking lower serum 25(OH)D levels to the presence and severity of AMD, particularly in late-stage disease.
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