ArticleHealth science reports2025
Unraveling the Drivers of Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Panel Data Study Across 70 Developing Countries.
Article in Health science reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Background and Aims: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global cause of death, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to identify key risk factors contributing to high TB incidence in these nations, analyze regional variations, and assess how risk factors differ across continents. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from 70 developing countries spanning 2000 to 2020, sourced from the World Bank Open Data. Variables included TB incidence, HIV prevalence, smoking rates, literacy rates, undernourishment, and population density. A random-effects model was employed to examine the associations between these factors and TB incidence. Results: HIV prevalence (coefficient = 37.53, 95% CI: 34.28-40.79), smoking (3.51, 2.99-4.02), undernourishment (1.56, 1.02-2.10), and population density (0.16, 0.07-0.24) showed significant positive associations with TB incidence. Literacy rate was negatively associated with TB incidence (-0.11, -0.54 to 0.33), though not significantly. These findings highlight the strong influence of socio-demographic and health-related factors on TB burden. Conclusion: TB continues to pose a serious health challenge in developing countries. HIV control, reduction of undernourishment and smoking, and managing population density are critical to reducing TB incidence. Regional differences underscore the need for tailored prevention strategies.
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