Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40895022›Full record

ArticleCurrent research in pharmacology and drug discovery2025

The simultaneous activation of μ- and δ-opioid receptors by (-)-2

A Fidilio, M Grasso, S Spoto, S Varrasi, M Al-Khrasani, F Caraci, C Parenti, L Pasquinucci

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Article in Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

A FidilioDepartment of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
M GrassoOasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
S SpotoDepartment of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
S VarrasiDepartment of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
M Al-KhrasaniDepartment of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary.
F CaraciDepartment of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
C ParentiDepartment of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
L PasquinucciDepartment of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In neuropathic pain (NP), a dysregulation of glial functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems has been described, and the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators is lost in the transition from acute to chronic pain. This raises the possibility to resolve pain via the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines that have a protective role against neuroinflammatory events. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), an anti-inflammatory cytokine is able to counteract the development of chronic NP. Given the correlation between opioid agonists and TGF-β1 pathway, here we describe the pharmacological profile of the dual-target μ-opioid receptor (MOR)/δ-opioid receptor (DOR) agonist (-)-2

Indexed as

AllodyniaBiased MOR/DOR agonistNeuropathic painOpioid receptorsTGF-β1

Identifiers

PMID40895022
PMCPMC12397919

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.