ArticleFrontiers in psychology2025
Financial toxicity and psychological distress in cardiovascular non-cancer multimorbidity: a latent profile analysis and causal weighting.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Capturing Financial Burden Concerns in an ALS Multidisciplinary Clinic.Muscle & nerve · 2026Article
- Impacts of Financial Toxicity on Patients Receiving Dialysis: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.Kidney360 · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease with multimorbidity imposes substantial long-term financial burdens. Financial toxicity, the financial burden associated with healthcare, is increasingly recognized as a psychosocial stressor affecting health outcomes among chronically ill populations. However, its psychological heterogeneity in non-cancer patients is understudied. We aimed to identify financial toxicity profiles, their determinants, and associations with anxiety/depression in cardiovascular non-cancer multimorbidity. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Utilizing latent profile analysis to identify distinct financial toxicity subgroups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to explore factors associated with subgroup membership. Inverse probability of treatment weighting based on covariate balancing propensity scores was applied to assess the associations between financial toxicity profiles and psychological distress. Doubly robust regression models were utilized to validate the robustness of the observed associations. Results: Financial toxicity was categorized into three latent profiles: mild (63.8%), moderate (11.0%), and none (25.2%). Demographic, economic, social support, and coping variables significantly differed across profiles. In weighted regression models using inverse probability of treatment weighting based on covariate balancing propensity scores, both mild and moderate toxicity were associated with elevated anxiety ( Conclusion: Financial toxicity is prevalent and heterogeneous in cardiovascular multimorbidity. Its distinct profiles predict elevated psychological distress, supporting targeted interventions to alleviate financial burden and enhance mental health resilience.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.