Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40893369›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2025

Ultrasound-activated miR-195-5p/shikonin nanobubbles remodel immunosuppressive microenvironment

Yandi Tan, Qiao Xu, Yezi Chen, Yun Liu, Chaoqi Liu, Xinwu Cui, Yun Zhao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. A Self-Immunoregulatory Nanosensitizer for Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yandi TanDepartment of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic lnfectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Qiao XuHubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
Yezi ChenHubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
Yun LiuDepartment of Ultrasound Imaging, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443008, China.
Chaoqi LiuHubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
Xinwu CuiDepartment of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic lnfectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Yun ZhaoHubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the transformative clinical impact of programmed cell death ligand 1/programmed death 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), therapeutic efficacy remains limited by the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME), with objective response rates persistently below 20 %. To address this critical clinical challenge, we engineered ultrasound (US)-responsive lipid nanobubbles (NBs) co-encapsulating microRNA (miR)-195-5p and shikonin (SK) (designated miR-195-5p/SK-NBs), a dual-functional platform designed to synergize PD-L1 suppression with immunogenic cell death (ICD). The NBs exhibited tumor-selective accumulation through passive and active targeting mechanisms while maintaining biosafety. US-triggered microbubble destruction enabled localized miR-195-5p delivery, achieving PD-L1 downregulation and functionally recapitulating PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Concurrently, SK-a naphthoquinone compound repurposed as a potent ICD inducer-overcame the systemic toxicity and solubility limitations through NBs-mediated delivery, triggering robust release of damage-associated molecular patterns, including adenosine triphosphate, surface-exposed calreticulin, and secreted high-mobility group box 1 protein. In subcutaneous HCC models, miR-195-5p/SK-NBs reprogrammed the TIME by enhancing splenic lymphocyte proliferation, increasing cytotoxic CD8

Indexed as

Lipid nanobubblesmiR-195-5pShikoninTumourUltrasound

Identifiers

PMID40893369
PMCPMC12398883

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.