ArticlePloS one2025
Observational suspected adverse drug reaction profiles of fluoro-pharmaceuticals and potential mimicry of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the United Kingdom.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Epigenetic vulnerability in endocrine disruption: bridging mechanisms, models, and environmental inequities.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsThe aim of this research is to explore the suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of perfluorinated medicines to determine whether side effects commonly associated with per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure were correlated to the type or number of fluorine atoms in these medications.
methodsThirteen fluorinated drugs and six non-fluorinated (or low fluorinated) comparators were selected after systematic triage. The reported ADR data from the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency's (MHRA) Yellow Card, and prescribing data from the OpenPrescribing database and the National Health Service Business Service Authority (NHSBSA) over a 5-year period were curated. Prescribing data was used to standardise the ADRs by calculating ADRs/1,000,000 items dispensed for selected system organ classes (SOCs), associated with PFAS exposure, for all 19 drugs. The physiochemical and pharmacological properties of the selected drugs were determined from ChemDraw version 23.1.1, Drug Bank, electronic medicines compendium (EMC) and the chemical database of bioactive molecules with drug-like properties, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (ChEMBL).
resultsExcluding congenital, familial, and genetic disorders, and endocrine disorders, all other SOCs (n = 5) showed statistical significance (P < .05) for ADRs/1,000,000 items identified across the 13 fluorinated drugs. It was identified that leflunomide was suspected of more ADRs than other comparator medications, which had the highest suspected ADRs/1,000,000 items dispensed (n = 343) and lansoprazole had the lowest (n = 14). Both drugs contain same number of fluorine atoms (n = 3) and similar type of fluorine moiety (trifluoromethyl, -CF3).
conclusionNo correlation between the fluorination status of the drugs and the ADRs were found.
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