Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40892627›Full record

GuidelineJACC. Cardiovascular imaging2026

PRIME 2.0: Proposed Requirements for Cardiovascular Imaging-Related Multimodal-AI Evaluation: An Updated Checklist.

Nobuyuki Kagiyama, Márton Tokodi, Quincy A Hathaway, Rima Arnaout, Rhodri Davies, Damini Dey, Nicolas Duchateau, Alan G Fraser, Shinichi Goto, Ankush D Jamthikar and 10 more

Abstract readPractice GuidelineReview
In one paragraph

Guideline in JACC. Cardiovascular imaging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Boosting the IQ of Artificial Intelligence: Echocardiographic Big Data and Overcoming the Generalizability Gap.Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Observational
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Nobuyuki KagiyamaDepartment of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; AI Incubation Farm, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Márton TokodiHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Experimental Cardiology and Surgical Techniques, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Quincy A HathawayDepartment of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Rima ArnaoutDepartment of Medicine, Radiology, and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Bakar Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; UCSF-UC Berkeley Joint Program in Computational Precision Health, San Francisco, California, USA.
Rhodri DaviesInstitute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Damini DeyCedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Sciences, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Nicolas DuchateauUniversite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CREATIS lab, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1294, Villeurbanne, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
Alan G FraserSchool of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Shinichi GotoDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Japan.
Ankush D JamthikarDivision of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Carolyn S P LamNational Heart Centre Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Evangelos K OikonomouSection of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
David OuyangDepartment of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Ambarish PandeyDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Timothy J PoteruchaMayo Clinic, Division of Echocardiography and Cardiac Imaging, Department of Cardiology, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Zahra Raisi-EstabraghWilliam Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom.
Jordan B StromRichard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Qiang ZhangDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Naveena YanamalaDivision of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Partho P SenguptaDivision of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. Electronic address: partho.sengupta@rutgers.edu.

Funding

Toward efficient performance for deep learning on medical imagingR01HL150394 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Rima Arnaout · 2020 to 2026
$6.2M
Chronic Renal Insufficiency and Silent Progression of Aortic Stenosis (CRISP-AS)R01HL169517 · NHLBI · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI Jordan Blair Strom · 2023 to 2026
$3.1M
A Novel Approach to Examine Within-Class Therapeutic Exchangeability of MedicationsR01AG063937 · NIA · RUTGERS BIOMEDICAL/HEALTH SCIENCES-RBHS · PI GERHARD, TOBIAS · 2020 to 2024
$2.9M
Deep Learning Based Phenotyping and Outcomes Prediction for Valvular Heart DiseaseR01HL173526 · NHLBI · CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER · PI David Ouyang · 2024 to 2026
$2.5M
Artificial Intelligence Imaging Biomarkers of Longitudinal Cardiovascular StressR01HL173487 · NHLBI · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI David Ouyang · 2025 to 2026
$1.4M
Cardiac Ultrasound Radiomics-Guided Deep Neural Networks for Acute Myocardial Infarction Precision PhenotypingR01HL173998 · NHLBI · RUTGERS BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Partho P Sengupta · 2025 to 2026
$1.2M
A multi-modal approach for efficient, point-of-care screening of hypertrophic cardiomyopathyF32HL170592 · NHLBI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI OIKONOMOU, EVANGELOS · 2023 to 2024
$166k
NHLBI NIH HHS F32 HL170592NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL150394NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL169517NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL173487NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL173526NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL173998NIA NIH HHS R01 AG063937
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The PRIME (Proposed Requirements for Cardiovascular Imaging-Related Machine Learning Evaluation) 2.0 checklist is an updated, domain-specific framework designed to standardize the development, evaluation, and reporting of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in cardiovascular imaging. This update specifically responds to rapid advances from traditional machine learning to deep learning, large language models, and multimodal generative AI. The updated checklist was developed through a modified Delphi process by an international panel of clinical and technical experts. In contrast to general AI reporting guidelines, it delivers detailed, practical recommendations on all critical aspects of AI research and builds upon the original 7-domain framework by incorporating cardiovascular imaging-specific complexities such as cardiac motion, imaging artifacts, and interobserver variability. By promoting transparency and rigor, PRIME 2.0 can serve as a vital resource for researchers, clinicians, peer reviewers, and journal editors working at the forefront of AI in cardiovascular imaging.

Indexed as

Cardiac Imaging TechniquesCardiovascular DiseasesChecklistImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedMultimodal ImagingConsensusHumansPredictive Value of TestsReproducibility of Resultsartificial intelligencecardiovascular imagingclinical validationdeep learninglarge language modelsmodel developmentmultimodal generative artificial intelligencePRIME 2.0 checklisttransparency and reproducibility

Identifiers

PMID40892627
PMCPMC13628111

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.