Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40892198›Full record

ArticleHealth economics review2025

Lorenz curves of urban and rural health care expenditure in Colombia: analysis of a cohort of 4.6 million patients.

Oscar Espinosa, Giancarlo Buitrago, Valeria Bejarano, Ramon Castaño

Abstract readLetter
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Health economics review, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Oscar EspinosaEconomic Models and Quantitative Methods Research Group, Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. oaespinosaa@unal.edu.co.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-0509
Giancarlo BuitragoInstituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia & Subdirección de Investigación, Fundación Cardioinfantil - Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7466-8244
Valeria BejaranoEconomic Models and Quantitative Methods Research Group, Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8975-2641
Ramon CastañoSchool of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6230-2683

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In Colombia, health expenditure is highly concentrated, with a small portion of the population incurring most costs, particularly in rural areas. Men show greater inequality than women. The study suggests that current risk-adjustment models have opportunities for improvement, emphasizing the need for better health premium definitions and stronger health policies.

Indexed as

ColombiaHealth expenditureHealth premiumLorenz curves

Identifiers

PMID40892198
PMCPMC12403389

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.