Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40891582›Full record

ReviewAllergy2026

The Expanding Role of ILC2s in Allergic Airways Disease.

Jafar Cain, Benjamin Hurrell, Omid Akbari

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Allergy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells: Where are we 15 years out?The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jafar CainDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-8959-4978
Benjamin HurrellDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7753-2927
Omid AkbariDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4359-9725

Funding

Study the link of autophagy dysfunction to allergic and neutrophilic asthma onsetR01HL151493 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI AKBARI, OMID · 2020 to 2024
$3.6M
Role of TNF receptor 2 on Pulmonary Group 2 Innate Lymphoid CellsR01HL159804 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI AKBARI, OMID · 2022 to 2025
$3.0M
Induction of cells and pathways that promote respiratory tolerance in allergic asthmaR01HL144790 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI AKBARI, OMID · 2019 to 2022
$2.6M
Transcriptional and metabolomic regulation of IL-10 in pulmonary ILC2sR01AI169687 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI OMID AKBARI · 2022 to 2026
$2.1M
Study the role of ICOS on murine and human ILC2sR01AI181866 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI OMID AKBARI · 2025 to 2026
$1.2M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL144790NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL151493NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL159804NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI169687NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI181866NIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a pivotal role in the initiation and propagation of allergic airways disease. These cells, first discovered 15 years ago, respond to a range of stimuli in a non-antigen-dependent manner. ILC2s produce copious amounts of cytokines including IL-5 and IL-13, which are critical in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. While allergic airways diseases have long been considered T-helper 2 cell-driven diseases, ILC2s are capable of inducing allergic-type pathologies in mice even in the absence of the adaptive immune system. The role of ILC2s in driving the pathology of allergic airways disease remains an expanding field of knowledge that may unlock novel therapeutic approaches in the management of asthma, a disease that affects up to 300 million people worldwide. In this review, we survey current knowledge of ILC2 immunobiology and present an overview of ILC2 phenotyping, concurrent with insights into ILC2 plasticity, and an exploration of the roles of costimulatory molecules, neuroendocrine signals, and diet-derived nutrients in modulating ILC2 activity.

Indexed as

HypersensitivityImmunity, InnateLymphocytesRespiratory HypersensitivityAnimalsAsthmaCytokinesDisease SusceptibilityHumansCytokinesasthmabasic immunologyinnate immunityinnate lymphoid cells and NK cellsmucosal immunity

Identifiers

PMID40891582
PMCPMC13282975

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.