Observational studyEuropean journal of pain (London, England)2025
Pain, Stress and Mental Well-Being Over Three Generations.
Observational study in European journal of pain (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring the relationship between muscle activity, jaw behaviour and pain.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pain, Stress and Mental Well-Being Over Three Generations.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe multifactorial nature of chronic pain should be reflected in pain assessment. The aim of this observational study comparing samples from three generations assessed at different times was to present differences in pain, stress and mental well-being.
methodsPain sites, widespread pain, stress (Perceived Stress Scale-4) and mental well-being (30-item General Health Questionnaire) were described across generations from the Malmö neck and shoulder study (parents, Generation 1, n = 12,607), Malmö offspring study, and Malmö Offspring pain study (children and grandchildren, Generation 2, n = 1572; Generation 3, n = 936).
resultsPain prevalence remained comparable across generations. In all generations, women reported more pain sites compared to men, mean difference 1.0 (95% CI 0.9-1.1) in Generation 1, mean difference 1.3 (95% CI 1.0-1.6) in Generation 2, and mean difference 0.9 (95% CI 0.5-1.3) in Generation 3. The frequency of widespread pain for women and men was 28% and 16% in Generation 1, 27% and 12% in Generation 2, and 22% and 15% in Generation 3, respectively. Perceived stress levels were consistently higher in Generation 2 and 3 compared to Generation 1 for both women and men. Among women, mental well-being remained stable between Generation 1 and 2 but declined significantly in Generation 3 (mean difference 3.2, 95% CI 2.4-4.3).
conclusionsThe results suggest significant gender disparities, with women consistently reporting more pain sites, higher stress levels, and reduced mental well-being compared to men. Furthermore, the findings suggest that generational differences in coping-or other factors-may mitigate the impact of psychosocial distress on pain prevalence, warranting further research. SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlights the comparability of pain prevalence across generations despite increasing stress and declining mental well-being, particularly in women. These findings emphasise the importance of integrating mental health support and gender-specific coping strategies into pain management, offering insights into biopsychosocial mechanisms underlying the interactions between pain and perceived stress.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.