ArticleJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2025
A cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of American orthopaedic foot and ankle society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal scale (AOFAS-Hallux-MTP-IP) in patients with hallux valgus.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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- The role of triple osteotomy in managing complex hallux valgus deformity with pronation.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundHallux valgus (HV) is a common deformity of the hallux, which affects the functional ability of patients and reduces their quality of life. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Hallux Metatarsophalangeal (MTP)-Interphalangeal (IP) scale is a questionnaire widely used to comprehensively assess the condition of hallux deformities. The purpose of this study was to translate the AOFAS-MTP-IP scale into a Chinese version (AOFAS-MTP-IP-CV), conduct cross-cultural adaptation, and simultaneously evaluate its validity and reliability.
methodsTranslate the AOFAS-Hallux-MTP-IP-CV according to general guidelines and conduct cross-cultural adaptation for it. From November 2024 to June 2025, a total of 120 patients with HV deformity who could communicate in Chinese were included. They successfully completed the demographic questionnaire, the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire-Chinese version (MOXFQ-CV), and the EuroQoL Group's five‑dimension questionnaire (EQ‑5D). The reliability of AOFAS-Hallux-MTP-IP-CV was determined by internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, intra-rater reliability, and test-retest reliability. Two orthopedic surgeons were responsible for the collection of questionnaires. The intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability were evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The internal consistency of the scale items was assessed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The Bland-Altman analysis was used to test the consistency between test-retest assessments. The construct validity of AOFAS-Hallux-MTP-IP-CV was determined by MOXFQ-CV and EQ-5D. Floor/ceiling effects were analyzed to assess scale responsiveness, with < 15% of scores at floor/ceiling levels indicating adequate range.
resultsThe AOFAS-Hallux-MTP-IP-CV was well accepted with no ceiling or floor effect. The intra-rater reliabilities of the total score of the AOFAS-Hallux-MTP-IP-CV and the pain, function, and alignment dimensions were 0.941, 0.925, 0.945, and 0.922, respectively. The inter-rater reliabilities were 0.916, 0.877, 0.885, and 0.896, respectively. The Bland-Altman plots showed good consistency in test-retest measurements. The total score of AOFAS-Hallux-MTP-IP-CV showed moderate to strong correlations with the pain dimension (r = -0.676) and the walking/standing dimension (r = -0.757) of the MOXFQ and the EQ-5D (r = -0.601).
conclusionThe AOFAS-Hallux-MTP-IP-CV has good feasibility, reliability and validity. It can be recommended for the comprehensive assessment of the clinical conditions of patients with hallux valgus (HV) deformity in Mainland China.
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