ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2025
Hepatoprotective effects of Acanthopanax trifoliatus standardized leaf extract and its formulations in a HepG2 model.
Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A Standardized Onion Peel-Derived Bioactive Ingredient Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Steatosis and Oxidative Stress by Modulating Mitochondrial Dynamics and Autophagy in HepG2 Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAcanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Voss or phak-paem, a traditional Thai plant in the Araliaceae family, has been reported to promote adaptogenic effects for a long time. The leaves have been used as a tonic to improve general weakness and to treat tuberculosis, lung hemorrhages, bruises, ulcers and contusions. The young leaves and the shoots are also eaten as vegetables.
methodsA. trifoliatus leaf extract was prepared, and its physical and chemical properties were qualitatively controlled. Three formulations, tablets, drinks and bubbles, were developed from A. trifoliatus standardized leaf extract. The in vitro antioxidant effects of the A. trifoliatus leaf extracts and formulations were evaluated using a DPPH scavenging assay. The hepatoprotective effects of A. trifoliatus leaf extract and formulations were evaluated in the HepG2 cell line using a hepatoprotective assay, the detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the quantification of apoptotic cells and necrotic cells. The mechanism of action for hepatoprotective effects was determined by detecting antioxidant and apoptosis markers using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
resultsStandardized extracts of A. trifoliatus leaves were prepared from quality-controlled raw material. The physical properties of the extract were controlled, including loss on drying, total ash, and acid-insoluble ash. It had specific chromatographic fingerprint with total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of 13.44 ± 0.22 g of chlorogenic acid equivalent in 100 g of extract (g% CAE) and 6.14 ± 0.45 g of rutin equivalent in 100 g of extract (g% RE), respectively. According to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the extract contained mono-caffeoylquinic acid 1.33 ± 0.00 g% CAE, di-caffeoylquinic acid, 1.82 ± 0.00 g of a cynarin equivalent in 100 g of extract (g% CYE) and flavonoid 0.48 ± 0.00 g% RE. Tablets, drinks and bubbles were developed from A. trifoliatus standardized leaf extract. A. trifoliatus leaf extract, tablets and drinks showed strong DPPH scavenging effects, with EC
conclusionStandardized A. trifoliatus leaf extract and its formulations, tablets, drinks and bubbles were prepared and quality controlled. They promoted in vitro antioxidant activities with hepatoprotective effects in HepG2 cell line.
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