ArticleBMC public health2025
Assessing the impact of childhood pneumococcal vaccination on pneumonia mortality in Colombia: a 14-year analysis.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Burden of clinical syndromes associated with pneumococcal disease in Mexico: a retrospective analysis for 2019.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Global trends and age-period-cohort analysis for the disability adjusted life years and mortality of type 2 diabetes mellitus due to diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) has been offered to all infants through Colombia’s National Immunization Program (NIP) since 2012, with catch-up vaccination until age 5. However, pneumococcal vaccination is not currently included in the NIP for other age groups, such as those ≥ 5 years with medical conditions or older adults. This study assessed the pediatric PCV10 effect on pneumonia mortality rate (MR) trends across different age groups from 2006 to 2019.
methodsThis retrospective time-series study utilized the national death registration data. Deaths caused by pneumonia as the underlying cause of death were identified via ICD-10 codes and stratified by age groups (< 1, 1–4, 5–17, 18–49, 50–59, and ≥ 60 years). Crude MR, age-adjusted MR, and age-specific MRs per 100,000 population were calculated. Trends were assessed using joinpoint regression and expressed as annual percentage change (APC) and average APC in the pre-PCV10 (2006–2011), post-PCV10 (2013–2019), early post-PCV10 (2013–2016), and late post-PCV10 (2017–2019) periods.
resultsFrom 2006 to 2019, there were 102,082 pneumonia-related deaths. The age-specific MR for infants < 1 year significantly decreased from 83.8 to 28.6 per 100,000 between 2006 and 2019 (APC:-6.9), while for children aged 1–4 years, it decreased from 9.3 to 3.8 (APC:-5.1). Other older age groups exhibited stable trends in the post-PCV10 period, except for adults aged ≥ 60 years, who had the highest age-specific MR (~ 112 per 100,000) over the study period, with an AAPC of 6.5% in the early post-PCV10 period, followed by stable trends in the late post-PCV10 period. The age-adjusted MR showed an increasing trend with an APC of 1.9% from 2008 to 2019.
conclusionsOur study found decreasing age-specific MR trends in children under 5 in the post-PCV10 period; however, no evidence of indirect benefits was seen in unvaccinated age groups older than 5 years. The findings underscore the need to expand pneumococcal vaccination programs to other age groups, mainly adults ≥ 60 years.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.