Articlenpj aging2025
Global epidemiology and burden of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in npj aging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Preclinical effects of naringin on bone outcomes in animal models of osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Cadmium Exposure and Osteoporosis: A Spatially Contextualized Adverse Outcome Pathway Integrating Epidemiology, Toxicogenomics and Transcriptomics.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Glucose metabolism in osteoporosis: A potential therapeutic target (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Women's musculoskeletal health: insights from the 2024 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report on chronic conditions.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2026Review
- Fragility fracture risk prediction using quantitative magnetic resonance and Vertebral Bone Quality scoring beyond density.World journal of methodology · 2026Review
- Research Progress on Mechanisms of Milk-Derived Functional Components in Regulating Bone Health and the Gut-Bone Axis.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Dietary mineral insufficiency and osteoporosis risk across skeletal sites in older Iranian adults: IMOS-2021.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2026Article
- Paraspeckle-Mediated Integration of Nuclear RNA Regulation in Skeletal Homeostasis and Pathological Disorder.Calcified tissue international · 2026Review
- The association between a healthy and sustainable diet based on the planetary health diet index (PHDI) and the odds of postmenopausal osteoporosis.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Burden and temporal trends attributable to low bone mineral density in Mexico, 1990-2023: a global burden of disease analysis.Archives of osteoporosis · 2026Article
- Global Epidemiology of Amputation-Related Disability From 1990 to 2021: Geographic Variation and Projections to 2050.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Linking microarchitectural deterioration to altered tissue-level mechanical environments in ovariectomized mouse femora.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Metformin as a Metabolic Reprogramming Interface in Host-Pathogen and Bone Microenvironment Crosstalk: A Dual-Target Strategy Against Antimicrobial Resistance and Osteoporotic Bone Loss.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Engineered bone-targetingMaterials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Humic Acid Therapy Mitigates Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Alveolar Bone Loss and Modulates the RANKL/OPG Balance.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- MSC-Derived Apoptotic Vesicles Restore Bone Marrow Niche Homeostasis in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis by miRNA-Mediated Suppression of MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Nodes.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Trends and prescribing patterns of antiosteoporosis medicines in Chinese patients: a real-world retrospective study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- Long-term enoxaparin use and osteoporosis risk: a real-world cohort study with integrative computational and network toxicology approaches.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Associations Between Quality of Life, Functional Fitness, Body Composition, and Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Osteoporosis, primarily characterized by low bone mineral density (LBMD), is a major skeletal disorder among postmenopausal women (PMW), yet its global burden remains poorly quantified. Leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, we assessed the LBMD burden in PMW across 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2021. Metrics included deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs), with temporal trends evaluated via estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). We found that in 2021, LBMD was responsible for 219,552 deaths and 7.76 million DALYs in PMW globally, with age-standardized DALY rates reaching 979.2 per 100,000 population. Compared to premenopausal women, PMW experienced a 15.17-fold higher mortality, a 5.84-fold higher burden in DALYs, and a 6.29-fold higher burden in YLDs. While age-standardized rates (ASR) for deaths and DALYs showed slight declines from 1990 to 2021, the absolute number of LBMD-related deaths more than doubled, increasing from 91,941 in 1990 to 219,552 in 2021, largely driven by global population aging. South Asia experienced the greatest burden, with India reporting the highest DALYs rates. The burden was highest in women aged ≥80 years and increased most rapidly in those aged ≥95. Regions with a high Socio-demographic Index (SDI) exhibited lower mortality rates but disproportionately higher levels of disability, whereas low-SDI regions bore a greater burden of mortality. Projections to 2045 suggest a sustained rise in deaths and disability, despite modest rate reductions. These findings underscore the urgent need for age-tailored, equity-focused interventions to mitigate fracture risk and improve musculoskeletal health among aging female populations worldwide.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.