Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40890181›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Characterization and source apportionment of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils in the complex genesis region of western Yunnan.

Yingmei Li, Sheng Wang, Xiaoyan Shang, Hongyin Zhou, Jianyang He, Wen Chen, Lijuan Wang, Xiangmei Zhao, Li Bao, Naiming Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yingmei Li *College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
Sheng Wang *School of Chemistry and Geographical Sciences, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, 675000, China.
Xiaoyan ShangCollege of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
Hongyin ZhouYunnan Soil Fertility and Pollution Remediation Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650201, China.
Jianyang HeCollege of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
Wen ChenCollege of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
Lijuan WangCollege of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
Xiangmei ZhaoCollege of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
Li BaoCollege of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
Naiming ZhangCollege of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. zhangnaiming@sina.com.

Funding

Scientific Research Foundation of the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education 2024J1098Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Talent and Platform Program 202405AM340004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The genesis of heavy metal contamination in arable soils is complex, and scientifically identifying risks and precisely analyzing contamination sources are essential for safely using contaminated arable land. In this study, we systematically evaluated the pollution characteristics of Cu, Zn, As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr in soil, and then applied the APCS-MLR and PMF models to jointly analyze pollution sources and their contributions. The results showed that the concentrations of the eight heavy metals were significantly higher than the background values for soils in Yunnan Province, exhibiting clear spatial heterogeneity. The overall pollution level ranged from mild to severe, with Cd and Pb being the most critical contaminants. Four major pollution sources (industrial transportation, parent material, agriculture, and mining) were identified through the dual modeling approach. The results of both models corroborated each other, and the accuracy of the analysis was significantly improved compared to using a single method. This study not only provides a scientific basis for the safe utilization of contaminated arable land in western Yunnan, an area with a complex genesis of soil contamination, but also offers a generalized framework for source analysis in areas affected by geological-anthropogenic composite pollution.

Indexed as

Cropland soilHeavy metal contaminationHigh geological backgroundSource analysis

Identifiers

PMID40890181
PMCPMC12402277

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.