ArticleBMJ open respiratory research2025
Trends and determinants of unfavourable outcomes in paediatric tuberculosis: insights from a 20-year cohort in Cameroon.
Article in BMJ open respiratory research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings. Despite progress in TB care, unfavourable treatment outcome persists, highlighting the need to identify determinants and address gaps in paediatric TB management. This study aimed to assess treatment outcomes and identify determinants of unfavourable outcomes in children treated for TB at a referral centre in Cameroon.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study included children aged <15 years diagnosed with TB and followed at the Jamot Hospital of Yaoundé from 2001 to 2020. Treatment outcome was classified as favourable (cured or treatment completed) or unfavourable (death, treatment failure or loss to follow-up). Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded. A Poisson regression model was applied to evaluate temporal trends in the annual incidence of unfavourable outcomes. Logistic regression was used to identify determinants of unfavourable outcome.
resultsOf the 881 children included, 52.1% were female and 40.7% were ≤5 years. HIV status was unknown for 36.9% and positive for 10.1% of children. Extrapulmonary TB was found in 34.5% of children. The cumulative incidence of unfavourable outcome was 24.5% (95% CI 21.7% to 27.5%). Loss to follow-up (19.8%) was the most frequent unfavourable outcome, followed by death (4.5%) and treatment failure (0.2%). A decreasing trend in the annual proportion of unfavourable outcomes was observed. Determinants of unfavourable outcome included: residence out of Yaoundé (adjusted OR (aOR) 12.51; 95% CI 1.10 to 5.58; p=0.02), unknown HIV status (aOR 2.10; 95% CI 1.47 to 3.00; p<0.001) and retreatment status (aOR 7.25; 95% CI 1.98 to 29.45; p=0.003).
conclusionsDespite encouraging improvements over time, unfavourable outcomes remain high in paediatric TB. Strengthening HIV testing, follow-up systems and access to care for children in rural areas is essential to sustain and accelerate progress in TB treatment success.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.