Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40889990›Full record

ArticleInternational wound journal2025

HEAL-X: A Novel Classification System for Xylazine Associated Wounds.

Dante J Terracciano, Savannah F Steinhauser, Camille E Introcaso, Alyssa Sinko, Joseph D'Orazio, Raquel Nahra, John M Porter, Matthew S Salzman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International wound journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Dante J TerraccianoCooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9571-174X
Savannah F SteinhauserCooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA.
Camille E IntrocasoCooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA.
Alyssa SinkoDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey, USA.
Joseph D'OrazioDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey, USA.
Raquel NahraDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey, USA.
John M PorterDepartment of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey, USA.
Matthew S SalzmanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8277-4928

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The opioid crisis has been exacerbated by xylazine, a veterinary sedative increasingly present in illicit drugs. Xylazine causes severe skin wounds that increase the risk of morbidity. Current wound classification systems fail to address the unique features of this injury, creating a need for a tailored assessment and treatment approach. We developed the HEAL-X classification system to standardise evaluation and treatment of xylazine-associated wounds. The system grades wounds using five criteria: History, Extent, Appearance, Location, and Xylazine-specific features. Grades range from 0 (normal skin) to 5 (underlying structure involvement). HEAL-X integrates principles from existing classifications while focusing on xylazine-specific pathology. This novel system was developed by an inter-disciplinary panel and requires empirical validation through clinical application and further research. HEAL-X provides a framework for grading xylazine-associated wounds, guiding treatment from lower-grade wounds to severe cases. This system aligns with the unique characteristics of xylazine wounds, offering a more tailored approach than any existing models individually. HEAL-X addresses a critical gap in managing xylazine-associated wounds. It offers a standardised tool to evaluate wound severity, guide treatment, and improve patient outcomes. As xylazine use rises and further research refines prognostic indicators and treatment outcomes, HEAL-X provides a framework on which to build.

Indexed as

Hypnotics and SedativesWound HealingWounds and InjuriesXylazineAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedHypnotics and SedativesXylazinedisease classificationpublic healthsubstance‐related disorderswounds and injuriesxylazine

Identifiers

PMID40889990
PMCPMC12401617

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.