SynthesisEndocrine2025
Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in neonates and children born SGA. A systematic review and metanalysis.
Synthesis in Endocrine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeBeing born small for gestational age (SGA) is a marker of adverse intrauterine environment and is associated with metabolic disorders in adulthood. The present metanalysis compares the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism between neonates and pre- and post- pubertal children born SGA and their appropriate for gestational age (AGA) -born peers.
methodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases to identify observational studies comparing carbohydrate and lipidemic profiles in neonates and children born SGA vs. AGA. Data were extracted on insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentration. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated using random-effects models. The risk of bias was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using the I² statistic and Egger’s test, respectively.
resultsTwenty-eight studies (N = 8453) were analyzed. SGA neonates had greater triglycerides (SMD: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19–0.63) and lower HDL cholesterol (SMD: -0.29, 95% CI: -0.45 to -0.13) concentration than AGA neonates. Prepubertal children born SGA showed significantly greater insulin concentration (SMD: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.10–0.57) than those born AGA. No significant differences were found between AGA and SGA neonates, pre- and post-pubertal children in glucose and LDL cholesterol concentration.
conclusionNeonates born SGA show greater circulating triglycerides and lower HDL concentration compared to their AGA peers, while prepubertal children born SGA show greater circulating insulin concentration, potentially predisposing them to insulin resistance. These findings showcase the long-term metabolic consequences of adverse intrauterine conditions, which result to SGA offspring, and emphasize the importance of monitoring SGA neonates and children for potential metabolic disorders during their life.
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