Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40889035›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2025

A Critical Exploration of Police Officers' Interactions with Black Autistic Youth and the Guidance Black Caregivers Hope Police Officers Will Follow.

Ashlee Yates Flanagan, Haley Peele, Elsia Obus, Keeana Dicette, Trenesha L Hill, Naomi Yu, Grace Hicks, Maggie Rose Pelella, Ayana King-Pointer, Jamiel Owens and 16 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Ashlee Yates FlanaganCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA. flanagana@chop.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8428-2820
Haley PeeleUniversity of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Elsia ObusInteractive Discovery, Brooklyn, USA.
Keeana DicetteCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Trenesha L HillUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Naomi YuCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Grace HicksCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Maggie Rose PelellaCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Ayana King-PointerCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Jamiel OwensCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Dieu M TruongIntellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) Authority Services, Texana Center, Rosenberg, TX, USA.
Aili HauptmannCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Meredith ColaCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Nakaja WeaverCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Juan PachecoSaint Joseph's University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Alison RussellUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Amanda LeeCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Sarah SchillingerCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Maxine CovelloCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Meg LyonsCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Rita SolórzanoFloreo, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA.
Sinan TurnaciogluFloreo, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA.
Vijay RavindranFloreo, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA.
Joseph P McCleeryCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Judith S MillerCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
Julia Parish-MorrisCenter for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.

Funding

NIH HHS STTR R42MH115539-S1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Interactions between Black children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and law enforcement officers (LEOs) raise significant concern for caregivers of Black autistic youth. The current qualitative study collected data from March 2021 to June 2022 and employs phenomenological methodology to understand Black caregivers' wishes regarding ideal policing behaviors toward Black autistic youth and to uncover Black autistic children's interactions with police, in order to better inform policing practices. The sample (N = 43; 93% mothers, 7% fathers) includes participants who self-identify as Black or African American and are caregivers of Black autistic children (M age: 16.5). Regarding caregivers' desired policing behaviors, findings demonstrated three primary themes: (1) a virtuous approach to policing, (2) use of nonthreatening body language, and (3) the use of basic helpful communication skills as preferred policing techniques. Findings also revealed policing interactions were thematically clustered as Negative, Neutral, and/or Community Centered and took place in the School Environment, Close to Home, or On the Road. Findings demonstrate necessary interventions for interactions between Black autistic youth and LEOs.

Indexed as

AutismBlackCaregiversLaw enforcementPoliceQualitative

Identifiers

PMID40889035

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.