ArticleEuropean archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry2026
Cleft lip and palate are associated with a higher prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralisation: a cross-sectional study with a comparison group.
Article in European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo assess the association between non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) and developmental defects of enamel (DDE), including the DDE subtypes, such as molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM).
methodsThis cross-sectional study with a comparison group included individuals with and without NSCL/P ("NSCL/P group" and "control group," respectively). The NSCL/P group was recruited from a specialised craniofacial centre, and the control group was randomly selected from a population-based sample of schoolchildren, in a 1:2 ratio. DDEs were assessed by calibrated examiners through clinical examination. Associations between NSCL/P and DDE were analysed using univariate Poisson regression with robust variance (α = 5%), and comparisons between subtypes included Bonferroni-adjusted p values to account for multiple testing.
resultsThe sample included 164 children with NSCL/P and 328 controls (mean age = 8.09 ± 1.39 years). DDEs were more prevalent in the NSCL/P group (76.8%) than in controls (66.2%) (p < 0.01). Hypoplasia, demarcated opacities, and MIH/HSPM were significantly more frequent in the NSCL/P group (p < 0.01). Fluorosis was significantly more prevalent in the control group (p < 0.01). MIH was the most frequent DDE in the NSCL/P group (29.3%). DDEs in the anterior teeth were significantly associated with cleft laterality, being most frequent in bilateral clefts (p < 0.01).
conclusionChildren with NSCL/P have a higher prevalence of DDE than those without clefts. MIH was the most prevalent defect observed in this population, highlighting its clinical relevance.
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