Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40888609›Full record

ArticleStatistical methods in medical research2025

Competing risks models with two time scales.

Angela Carollo, Hein Putter, Paul Hc Eilers, Jutta Gampe

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Statistical methods in medical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Angela CarolloLaboratory of Fertility and Well-Being, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5625-6553
Hein PutterMedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5395-1422
Paul Hc EilersErasmus University Medical Center, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3480-5918
Jutta GampeLaboratory of Statistical Demography, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8189-2853

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Competing risks models can involve more than one time scale. A relevant example is the study of mortality after a cancer diagnosis, where time since diagnosis but also age may jointly determine the hazards of death due to different causes. Multiple time scales have rarely been explored in the context of competing events. Here, we propose a model in which the cause-specific hazards vary smoothly over two times scales. It is estimated by two-dimensional

Indexed as

cancer mortalityCause-specific hazardspenalised composite link modelP-splinestwo-dimensional smoothing

Identifiers

PMID40888609
PMCPMC12669410

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.