Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40888500›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2025

Age-Related Changes in the Clinical Picture of Long COVID.

Mindy J Fain, Benjamin D Horne, Leora I Horwitz, Tanayott Thaweethai, Meredith Greene, Mady Hornig, Ariela R Orkaby, Clifford Rosen, Christine S Ritchie, Hassan Ashktorab and 41 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

51 authors.

Mindy J FainArizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Benjamin D HorneIntermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Leora I HorwitzCenter for Healthcare Innovation and Delivery Science, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.
Tanayott ThaweethaiMassachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Meredith GreeneIndiana University Center for Aging Research at the Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Mady HornigThe Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7572-3092
Ariela R OrkabyNew England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Clifford RosenMaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine, USA.
Christine S RitchieCenter for Aging and Serious Illness, Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Hassan AshktorabDepartment of Medicine and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
Nina BlachmanDivision of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Hassan BrimDepartment of Pathology and Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
Sarah EmersonProvidence Medical Research Center, Spokane, Washington, DC, USA.
Nathan ErdmannDepartment of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Kristine M ErlandsonUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Gabriel de ErausquinBiggs Institute of Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Disorders, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Tamara FongDepartment of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Linda N GengDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Howard S GordonMedical Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Jacqueline Rutter GullyRECOVER Patient Advocate & Caregiver, Dysautonomia International, East Moriches, New York, USA.
Jennifer HadlockInstitute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6103-7606
Jenny HanPulmonary Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Weixing HuangMassachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Prasanna JagannathanDivision of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
J Daniel KellyDepartment of Medicine, VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Jonathan D KleinDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Jerry A KrishnanILLInet, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Emily B LevitanDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Grace A McComseyCase Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Dylan McDonaldDepartment of Allergy and Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC, USA.
Aoyjai P MontgomeryDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Lisa O'BrienRECOVER Patient Representative, Utah Covid-19 Long Haulers, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Ighovwerha OfotokunDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Thomas F PattersonDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Michael J PelusoDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.
Priscilla PemuMorehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Alice PerlowskiRECOVER Patient Representative, Blooming Magnolia, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Eric M ReimanBanner Alzheimer's Institute and Banner Research, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Martine SanonIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
Sudha SeshadriBiggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Judd ShellitoDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Zaki A SherifDepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
Cecilia ShikumaDepartment of Medicine, Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii, USA.
Nora G SingerCase Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Upinder SinghDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Joel D TrinityDivision of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Juan WisniveskyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
Margot Gage WitvlietRECOVER Patient Representative, Department of Sociology, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas, USA.
Andrea FoulkesMassachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Janko Ž NikolichArizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5830-5323
RECOVER consortium

Funding

ACTIV Integration of Host-targeting Therapies for COVID-19 Administrative Coordinating CenterOT2HL156812 · NHLBI · RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE · PI NOLEN, TRACY L, THOMAS, SONIA M · 2020 to 2024
$1270.7M
OTA-21-015A Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Initiative: NYU Langone Health Clinical Science Core, Data Resource Core, and PASC Biorepository CoreOT2HL161847 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI GROSS, RACHEL SHARON, HORWITZ, LEORA · 2021 to 2025
$651.0M
Interactive Data Portals and Robust Analytic Tools to Wrap PASC Cohorts (iDRAW) OTA-21-015AOT2HL161841 · NHLBI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI FOULKES, ANDREA S, KARLSON, ELIZABETH W · 2021 to 2024
$182.2M
NIH Prior Approval Process ProfessionalUL1TR002535 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI SOKOL, RONALD J. · 2018 to 2022
$51.1M
Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative of Northern Ohio, Catalyzing Linkages to Equity in Health (CLE Health)UM1TR004528 · NCATS · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI GRACE A MCCOMSEY · 2023 to 2026
$32.1M
Research Education ComponentP30AG072980 · NIA · BANNER HEALTH · PI HEATHER Allyson BIMONTE-NELSON · 2021 to 2026
$24.9M
South Texas Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG066546 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI Claudia L Satizabal · 2021 to 2026
$24.0M
CTSA UM1 Program at University of UtahUM1TR004409 · NCATS · UTAH STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM--UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI RACHEL HESS, Jennifer Juhl Majersik · 2023 to 2026
$21.9M
SARS-CoV-2 and Precursors of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: An Ultrahigh Field (7T) MRI Study in a Diverse Multinational CohortR56AG074467 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI GIRARD, TIMOTHY D, HOSSEINI, AKRAM A. · 2021 to 2021
$3.5M
The role of CMV in HIV-associated accentuated agingR01AG082541 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI JANKO Z. NIKOLICH, Nima Toosizadeh · 2023 to 2026
$3.2M
Statistical Methods in COVID-19/PASC Clinical ResearchR01HL162373 · NHLBI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Andrea S Foulkes · 2023 to 2026
$1.7M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002535NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004409NCATS NIH HHS UM1TR004409NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004528NCATS NIH HHS UM1TR004528NHLBI NIH HHS OT2 HL156812NHLBI NIH HHS OT2 HL161841NHLBI NIH HHS OT2HL161841NHLBI NIH HHS OT2 HL161847NHLBI NIH HHS OT2HL161847NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL162373NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066546NIA NIH HHS P30AG066546NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072980NIA NIH HHS P30AG072980NIA NIH HHS R01 AG082541NIA NIH HHS R56 AG074467NIA NIH HHS R56AG074467O. Wayne Rollins FoundationWilliam Randolph Hearst Foundations
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study evaluated the impact of aging on the frequency and prevalent symptoms of Long COVID, also termed post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, using a previously developed Long COVID research index (LCRI) of 41 self-reported symptoms in which those with 12 or more points were classified as likely to have Long COVID.

methodsWe analyzed community-dwelling participants ≥ 60 years old (2662 with prior infection, 461 controls) compared to participants 18-59 years (7549 infected, 728 controls) in the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery adult (RECOVER-Adult) cohort ≥ 135 days post-onset.

resultsCompared to the Age 18-39 group, the adjusted odds of LCRI ≥ 12 were higher for the Age 40-49 group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.40, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.21-1.61, p < 0.001) and 50-59 group (OR = 1.31, CI = 1.14-1.51, p < 0.001), similar for the Age 60-69 group (OR = 1.09, CI = 0.93-1.27, p = 0.299), and lower for the ≥ 70 group (OR = 0.68, CI = 0.54-0.85, p < 0.001). Participants ≥ 70 years had smaller adjusted differences between infected and uninfected symptom prevalence rates than those aged 18-39 for the following symptoms: hearing loss, fatigue, pain (including joint, back, chest pain and headache), post-exertional malaise, sleep disturbance, hair loss, palpitations, and sexual desire/capacity, making these symptoms less discriminating for Long COVID in older adults than in younger. Symptom clustering, as described in Thaweethai et al. (JAMA 2023) also exhibited age-related shifts: clusters 1 (anosmia and ageusia) and 2 (gastrointestinal, chronic cough and palpitations, without anosmia, ageusia or brain fog) were more likely, and clusters 3 (brain fog, but no loss of smell or taste) and 4 (a mix of symptoms) less likely to be found in older adults (relative risk ratios for clusters 3-4 ranging from 0.10-0.34, p < 0.001 vs. 18-39 year-olds).

conclusionsWithin the limits of this observational study, we conclude that in community-dwelling older adults, aging alters the prevalence and pattern of reported Long COVID.

Indexed as

AgingCOVID-19AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsFemaleHumansIndependent LivingMaleMiddle AgedPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromePrevalenceSARS-CoV-2Young Adultage prevalenceepidemiologyLong COVIDolder adultspatient‐reported outcomes

Identifiers

PMID40888500
PMCPMC12862131

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.