ArticleBJPsych open2025
Development and validation of the Revised Epistemic Trust, Mistrust and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ-R).
Article in BJPsych open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cracks in the foundation: disrupted epistemic trust as a link between trauma, PTSD and disturbances in self-organization.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Process and outcome in university counseling: the role of epistemic trust and working alliance.Research in psychotherapy (Milano) · 2026Article
- Replicability or revision? Further evidence on the psychometric quality of the German version of the epistemic trust, mistrust and credulity questionnaire.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- How epistemic trust, mistrust and credulity relate to mental health, personality pathology, treatment engagement and relationship in psychotherapeutic and psychiatric settings.BMJ mental health · 2026Article
- Can we trust this short scale? Validation of a Brief Self-Report Measure of Epistemic Trust, Mistrust and Credulity (ETMCQ-R-6) in a sample of the U.K. general population.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- A laboratory task to assess epistemic mistrust: behavioral evidence for mediation between childhood trauma and borderline personality features in young adults.Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundIt has been argued that disruptions to epistemic trust are implicated in psychopathology; however, this requires empirical testing, and an existing scale evaluating epistemic trust, the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ), requires improvement.
aimsThis study tested a revised version of the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust and Credulity Questionnaire (the ETMCQ-R), examining the strength of associations between the updated scale and mental health symptoms, epistemic vice, psychological resilience, perceived social support, attachment style, history of childhood adversity and an experimental measure of trust, and epistemic stance as a mediator between adversity and psychopathology.
methodUsing an online survey design, 525 participants completed the ETMCQ-R alongside other measures. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to assess the structure of the ETMCQ-R and correlational and mediational analyses were used to further assess validity of the measure.
resultsThe ETMCQ-R possesses greater model fit and a stronger three-factor structure (Trust, Mistrust and Credulity) compared with the ETMCQ. Significant negative correlations were identified between Trust (
conclusionThe study demonstrated strong psychometric properties of the ETMCQ-R, and further analyses indicate the three factors are differentially related to wider domains of socio-emotional functioning.
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